Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie are caused by a protein-only infectious agent, known as a prion. It is not clear how a protein can be capable of replicating itself, and the mechanism remains controversial. One influential model hypothesizes that prions are nucleated, macroscopically linear polymers. We investigated the theoretical kinetics of this model and derived pre...

Thermophilic anaerobic sludge digestion is a promising process to divert waste to beneficial use, but an important question is the required temperature and holding time to achieve a given degree of pathogen inactivation. In this study, the kinetics of inactivation of Ascaris suum and vaccine strain poliovirus type 1 (PVS-1), selected as indicators for helminth ova and enteric viruses respective...

Trypsin is the popular protease to digest proteins into peptides in shotgun proteomics, but few studies have attempted to systematically investigate the kinetics of trypsin-catalyzed protein digestion in proteome samples. In this study, we applied quantitative proteomics via triplex stable isotope dimethyl labeling to investigate the kinetics of trypsin-catalyzed cleavage. It was found that try...

Coagulation of milk in the stomach is first crucial step its digestion. Using a human gastric simulator, dynamic digestion goat and sheep skim were compared with that cow milk, focusing particularly on their physical characteristics. The contents analyzed for changes dry matter microstructure, extent protein study revealed from all species formed curd within 15 min digestion, at which time pH w...

We quanti®ed the effect of dietary non®ber carbohydrate (NFC) concentration (30, 35, 40, or 45% of DM) on in vitro digestion kinetics of neutral detergent ®ber (NDF) from alfalfa and corn silages at pH 5.8 or 6.8. The objective was to simulate the effect of diets differing in effective ®ber content on the optimal NFC-to-NDF ratio that resulted in maximal ®ber digestion. Ash-free NDF was determi...

Health benefits of whole wheat products are partially attributed by their unique phenolic compounds. This study investigated effect simulated gastrointestinal digestion and probiotic fermentation on releasing acids from foods (bread, cookie, pasta). Kinetics results showed that more were released within the first hour gastric intestinal digestions compared to prolonged digestion. Lactobacillus ...

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) technology has been adopted worldwide mainly due to it being a pathogen-free process in addition the enhanced biogas yield and short hydraulic retention time (HRT). Taking high metabolic rate of thermophilic microbial community with highly efficient enzymatic systems into consideration, thermophiles are widely explored as inocula for lignocellulosic biomas...

This research evaluated the impact of emulsion interfacial composition on in vitro small intestinal lipolysis kinetics with inclusion rabbit gastric lipase resulting a prelipolysis step. O/w emulsions contained 5% triolein (w/w) and 1% following emulsifiers: sodium taurodeoxycholate, citrus pectin, soy protein isolate, lecithin, tween 80. Emulsions were subjected to static digestion diverse spe...