The major problem with ventilation distribution calculations using DIR and 4DCT is the motion artifacts in 4DCT. Quite often not all phases would exhibit mushroom motion artifacts. If the ventilation series similarity is sufficiently robust, the ventilation distribution can be calculated using only the artifact-free phases. This study investigated the ventilation similarity among the data deriv...

The advent of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology has enabled the creation of a tangible and complex 3D object that goes beyond a simple 3D-shaded visualization on a flat monitor. Since the early 2000s, 3DP machines have been used only in hard tissue applications. Recently developed multi-materials for 3DP have been used extensively for a variety of medical applications, such as persona...

Helical computed tomography (CT) started in the years of '90, enable faster scan acquisition and faster data reconstruction. Multislice CT (MSCT) is the latest technology in this decade, functioning by acquiring multiple simultaneous slices using multi-detector system. Most advanced and contemporary models are the 64-slices machine, dual source CT machine and the 256-slices machine. The last-me...

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the spiral-CT in patients with clinically suspected acute appendicitis. Material and Methods: A total of 124 patients referred for CT scan with suspected appendicitis between January 2005 and October 2006 were assessed for the appendiceal size and the presence of signs of appendicitis. The findings were correlated with surgical histopathology. R...

Background To explore motion information included in 3DCT, 4DCT and CBCT by comparing volumetric and positional differences of GTV. Results Independent of tumor location, significant differences were observed among volumes [IGTV10 > (IGTVCBCT or IGTVMIP) > (GTV3D or GTV4D50)]. The underestimations or overestimations between IGTV10 and IGTVCBCT were larger than those between IGTV10 and IGTVMIP...

Motivated by a motion detection system the application of a new category of Kohonen‘s Self-Organizing Map (SOM) [8] is presented in this paper. Based on earlier work of Seiffert and Michaelis on three-dimensional SOMs [10], [11] a new implementation of growing multi-dimensional SOMs, the Quasi-Four-Dimensional Neuroncube (QFDN), has already been introduced in [12]. This paper focuses on the app...

PURPOSE To assess the temporal and spatial accuracy of the GateCT™ system (VisionRT, London, UK), a recently released respiratory tracking system for 4DCT, under both ideal and nonideal respiratory conditions. METHODS Three experiments were performed by benchmarking and comparing its results with the ground-truth input data and those generated by the widely used Varian RPM™ system (Real-time ...

How structure relates to function--across spatial scales, from the single molecule to the whole organism--is a central theme in biology. Bioengineers, however, wrestle with the converse question: will function follow form? That is, we struggle to approximate the architecture of living tissues experimentally, hoping that the structure we create will lead to the function we desire. A new means to...