In the present study, we have demonstrated that multiple first-generation H1-antagonists caused behavioral and EEG seizures in rats. The epileptogenic property of pyrilamine was more potent than either chlorpheniramine or diphenhydramine. In contrast, the second-generation H1-antagonists, loratadine and ebastine did not induce detectable epileptogenic activity. Intraperitoneal injection of hist...

Abstract Introduction Accurate assessment of hypersomnia depends upon consideration several factors, including use medications that affect alertness and sleep organization. Urine drug screens (UDS) are recommended when assessing hypersomnia, but there is little standardization with respect to screening methods, types substances detected, in maintenance wakefulness test (MWT) interpretation, par...

Seldom considered to be a drug that causes renal problems, diphenhydramine can have adverse effects in some patients, as illustrated by a case study of a middle-aged veteran. Extra precautions are urged before this medication is prescribed, especially in elderly patients.

There is increasing evidence that a proton-coupled organic cation (H+/OC) antiporter facilitates uptake of various central nervous system-active drugs, such as the histamine H1 receptor antagonist diphenhydramine, into brain. The purpose this study was to clarify structural requirements for H+/OC antiporter-mediated hCMEC/D3 cells, an established in vitro model human blood-brain barrier, by usi...

Most compounded prescriptions are not analyzed to determine the accuracy of the employed instruments and procedures. The assumption is that the compounded prescription will be +/- 5% the labeled claim. Two classes of School of Pharmcacy students who received repeated instruction and supervision on proper compounding techniques and procedures were assessed to determine their accuracy of compound...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Since atracurium can cause hypotension in humans, the hemodynamic effects of atracurium and cisatracurium as well as the hemodynamic protection of diphenhydramine and cimetidine were investigated in rats. METHODS 1) Wistar rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and prepared according to Brown et al. to evaluate different doses of atracurium and cisatracuriu...

This article reviews clinical pharmacokinetic data on the H1-receptor antagonists, commonly referred to as the antihistamines. Despite their widespread use over an extended period, relatively little pharmacokinetic data are available for many of these drugs. A number of H1-receptor antagonists have been assayed mainly using radioimmunoassay methods. These have also generally measured metabolite...

BACKGROUND The first generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, are fairly potent muscarinic antagonists in addition to being H1 selective antihistamines. The antimuscarinic action is often not desirable since it is in part responsible for the drying of secretions in the airways and the sedative effect. We therefore examined a number of antihistamines for antimuscarinic effects on ion ...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether the commonly used over-the-counter medications dextromethorphan and diphenhydramine are superior to placebo for the treatment of nocturnal cough and sleep difficulty associated with upper respiratory infections and to determine whether parents have improved sleep quality when their children receive the medications when compared with placebo. METHODS Parents of ...