This paper examines the effect of a high school student's relative position in class achievement distribution on violence. We identify this by exploiting idiosyncratic differences earlier academic across classes. Such generate quasi-random variation rank for students with same initial achievement. consider distinct types violence, namely, verbal, relational and physical find that negatively aff...

Bankruptcy in the same amount of time and history is very rampant and therefore the vision of the future can be prevented. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and malmquist index can precise evaluating of the performances of many different kinds of decision making units (DMU) such as hospitals, universities, business firms, etc. In this paper, we will modify directional distance formulation o...

there is no reason to think that the losers, in terms of relative position, had any entitlement to their antecedent relative position; and we are not, after all, speaking of redistribution from poor to rich. On distributional concerns and cost-benefit analysis, see various papers in Symposium, J. Legal Stud.

Qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) abstracts metrical details of the physical world. The two main directions in QSR are topological reasoning about regions and reasoning about orientations of point configurations. Orientations can refer to a global reference system, e.g. cardinal directions or instead only to relative orientation, e.g. egocentric views. Reasoning about relative orientations po...

Relying entirely on an attention mechanism, the Transformer introduced by Vaswani et al. (2017) achieves state-of-the-art results for machine translation. In contrast to recurrent and convolutional neural networks, it does not explicitly model relative or absolute position information in its structure. Instead, it requires adding representations of absolute positions to its inputs. In this work...

We consider the localization of a pair of particles in relative-position space. We show how a sequence of scattering interactions progressively entangles two particles, giving rise to a robust state of well-defined separation and thus providing a natural description of relative position. We use two thought experiments to describe the localization process. The first is an interferometer with rec...

Directional microphone hearing aids can lead to improved speech recognition when speech and noise are coming from different directions. This technology provides limited benefits, however, and in specific instances use of a directional hearing aid mode can be detrimental. This article discusses the benefits and limitations of directional amplification, summarizes some current work in directional...

Abstract Various strategies evolved in plants to adjust the position of organs relative prevailing temperature condition, which allows optimal plant growth and performance. Such responses are classically separated into nastic tropic responses. During thermotropic responses, move towards (engage) or away from (avoid) a directional cue. Despite thermotropism being classic botanical concept, under...

Organic chemists must be adept at translating between various structural diagrams that represent the spatial configurations of molecules from different orthogonal perspectives. In three studies, participants translated between three structural diagrams showing side-view (Dash-Wedge), end-on (Newman), and top-down (Fischer) perspectives. Analyses showed strong directional biases in the drawn dia...

The recent availability of small, inexpensive low power GPS receivers and techniques for finding relative coordinates based on signal strengths, and the need for the design of power efficient and scalable networks, provided justification for applying position based routing methods in ad hoc networks. A number of such algorithms were developed recently. They are all based on three greedy schemes...