It has been reported that disaccharides of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), heparin, or heparan sulfate suppress the production of cytokines. Therefore, we examined the effects of GAGs (keratan sulfate, hyaluronan, chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin sulfate) disaccharides on production of interleukin (IL)-12, a pivotal cytokine in the Th-1 type immune system. Among the GAG disaccharide...

The aim of this study was to examine relationship between dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, glycemic load and gastric cancer risk. This hospital based case-control study was conducted in Nis (Serbia) between 2005 and 2006. Subjects (n=102) with histologically confirmed gastric cancer and controls (n=204) selected from non-cancer patients were interviewed. The structured questionnaire includ...

Electrospray ionization and collision induced dissociation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were used to determine the effect of spatial crowding of incremented alkyl groups of two anomeric pairs of peralkylated (methyl to pentyl) disaccharides (maltose/cellobiose and isomaltose/gentiobiose). Protonated molecules were generated which underwent extensive fragmentation under low energy co...

BACKGROUND Recent studies of pancreatic cancer suggest a role for hyperinsulinemia in carcinogenesis. Because insulin is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose concentrations, dietary factors that increase these concentrations may be important in pancreatic carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine prospectively the relation between pancreatic cancer risk and dietary glyc...

Phenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-(3-carboxypropionyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) was condensed via its pentafluorophenyl ester 2 with 5-aminopentyl (4a), 4-aminobutyl (4b), 3-aminopropyl (4c) and 2-aminoethyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside (4d), prepared from the corresponding N-Cbz protected glucosides 3a-d, to give the corresponding 2-[3-(alkylcarbamoyl)propionyl] tethered saccharid...

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration results in the depletion of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which can lead to structural and mechanical loss of IVD function, ingrowth of nociceptive nerve fibres and eventually discogenic pain. Specific GAG types as well as their disaccharide patterns can be predictive of disease and degeneration in several tissues but have not been comprehen...

The antler is the most rapidly growing tissue in the animal kingdom. According to previous reports, antler glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) consist of all kinds GAGs except for heparan sulfate (HS). Chondroitin sulfate is the major antler GAG component comprising 88% of the total uronic acid content. In the current study, we have isolated HS from antler for the first time and characterized it based on...

Disaccharide intolerance has been described in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (Cozetto, 1963; Nordio et al., 1966; Sunshine and Kretchmer, 1964). However, the relation between clinical signs and symptoms, and biochemical investigations is not clear. For instance, Cozetto (1963) reported isolated depressed lactase activity in an otherwise normal mucosa, but gave no clear clinical evidence in su...

The objective of this study was to analyze the type and balance diet, examine hormonal regulation carbohydrate metabolism in order identify etiology hyperglycemic manifestations young people two ethnic groups residing territory Magadan Oblast. Methods — Blood serum parameters were measured using ion-exchange chromatography, enzymatically enhanced chemiluminescence, hexokinase method. Results We...