In single utterance understanding, which does not include discourse understanding, the concept error rate (CER), or the keyword error rate, has been widely used as an evaluation measure for utterance understanding. However, the CER cannot be used for evaluating systems that understand user utterances based on previous user utterances. In this paper, we propose a method for evaluating incrementa...

This discourse analysis aimed to investigate the different propaganda techniques used by students in their communicative tasks. study utilized qualitative method with as an approach identify and understand of persuasion manifested speaking performance. The researcher analysed linguistic corpora using theory Gambril on techniques. Data revealed that exhibited such transfer, testimonial, glitteri...

A fair scheduling algorithm accounting for the weight and execution time of tasks is critical in the Grid environment. The MTWCT (Minimize Total Weighted Completion Time) has been proved to minimize the total weighted completion time of a set of independent tasks in a processor, but it results in another problem that the response time of some tasks is far longer. To decrease the incidence of th...

This study investigated the effects of a 16-week reading instruction program with discourse structure graphic organizers (DSGOs) on the development of English reading comprehension among college-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. A total of 340 first and third semester students of non-English majors at a Chinese university participated in this study. A DSGO completion test and ...

This study explored the effect of input vs. collaborative output tasks on Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy and their willingness to communicate (WTC). In so doing, the study utilized 3 input (i.e., textual enhancement, processing instruction, and discourse) and 3 collaborative output (i.e., dictogloss, reconstruction cloze task, and jigsaw) tasks and compared their effects on 5 Englis...

This study examined the effect of the ZPD-based discourse scaffolding on EFL learners' co-construction of L2 metadiscourse performing collaborative writing tasks and explored the discourse scaffolding dynamics. The participants were 160 EFL students that were assigned to four different treatment conditions: (i) formal teaching, (ii) input enhancement, (iii) non-ZPD interaction, and (iv) ZPD-bas...

Due to the relatively simple structure of dialogues in previous spoken dialogue systems, discourse structure has seen limited applications in these systems. We investigate the utility of discourse structure for spoken dialogue systems in complex domains (e.g. tutoring). Two types of applications are being pursued: on the system side and on the user side. On the system side, we investigate if th...