The continuous spread of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as combined heating and power (CHP), diesel generators, boilers and renewable energy sources provide an effective solution to energy related problems to serve the power and heat demands with minimum cost. Moreover, the DERs may play a significant role for supplying power and heat in rural areas, where grid electricity is not avai...

The power supply system of future communities can be considered in the form of a small microgrid or a nanogrid which is mainly based on renewable energy resources. Such a system can lead to a sustainable development of electrical systems and can help the current and future generations to access the benefits of electricity without adding more emissions and pollutions to the environment. A nanogr...

This paper presents an overview of the activities of the CIGRE/CIRED C6.25/B5 Joint Working Group (JWG), focusing on the control and automation systems for the future electric networks. This JWG is mainly focus to evaluate the level of automation and control necessary to better manage distribution networks with large penetrations of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), as seen from the both the...

Micro-grid (MG) is a grid formed by renewable sources. MG is a small scale network of low voltage also the renewable sources are distributed energy resources (DER). A MG gives clean energy. MG can have two operational modes, the islanded mode and grid connected mode. This paper reviews the optimal energy management for a MG under various constraints. The authors aims to optimize fuel cost, mana...

A key issue in Low Voltage (LV) distribution systems is to identify strategies for the optimal management and control in the presence of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). To reduce the number of variables to be monitored and controlled, virtual levels of aggregation, called Virtual Microgrids (VMs), are introduced and identified by using new models of the distribution system. To this aim, th...

A shift to a decentralized power generation mainly based on Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is essential to meet the climate protection goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The fluctuating generation of RESs poses challenges for the stability of the electrical grid. Therefore, energy management systems (EMSs) are essential to cope with the volatility of RESs through an intelligent coordi...

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) including solar photovoltaics (PV), electric storage and electric vehicles, demand response, combined heat and power, wind, fuel cells, and micro-turbines are typically installed on the low or medium voltage distribution network. Changes on the distribution network can have rippling effects throughout the rest of the power system. In this paper, we have calcu...

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution networks has turned conventionally passive load buses into active that can provide grid services for transmission system. To take advantage DERs networks, this letter formulates a transmission-and-distribution (T&D) systems co-optimization problem achieves economic dispatch at level and optimal voltage regulat...

In this paper, a hybrid configuration of ant colony optimization (ACO) with artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm called hybrid ACO–ABC algorithm is presented for optimal location and sizing of distributed energy resources (DERs) (i.e., gas turbine, fuel cell, and wind energy) on distribution systems. The proposed algorithm is a combined strategy based on the discrete (location optimization) an...

In current power distribution systems, one of the most challenging operation tasks is to coordinate the networkwide distributed energy resources (DERs) to maintain the stability of voltage magnitude of the system. This voltage control task has been investigated actively under either distributed optimization-based or local feedback control-based characterizations. The former architecture require...