Russell's rejection in 1898 of the doctrine of internal relations—the view that all relations are grounded in the intrinsic properties of the terms related—was a decisive part of his break with Hegelian-ism and opened the way for his turn to analytic philosophy. Before rejecting it, Russell had given the doctrine little thought, though it played an essential role in the most intractable of the ...

This Article analyzes the probabilistic and epistemological underpinnings of the burden of proof doctrine. We show that this doctrine is best understood as instructing factfinders to determine which of the parties’ conflicting stories makes most sense in terms of coherence, consilience, causality, and evidential coverage. By applying this method, factfinders should try—and will often succeed—to...

define, because compared to others it is both unique and contentious. Although the movement is relatively new it only became known in the West in 1970s it is firmly rooted in some of the world's oldest religions, philosophies and practices, including Hinduism, Wicca, Druidism, the worship of goddesses and nature, spiritism, spiritualism, Gnosticism, humanism, ancient Egyptian and Babylonian rel...

A succession of doctrines have been advocated in the past for enhancing cybersecurity: prevention, risk management, and deterrence through accountability. None has proved effective, and their failings are discussed. Proposals are now being made to view cybersecurity as a public good or to adopt mechanisms inspired by those used for public health. This landscape is surveyed through the lens that...

We present a developmental model to simulate swimming digital organisms following an animat’s cell doctrine. Morphology and control are encoded in one genome concurrently using artificial cells as the basic building blocks for both. Each individual starts with one cell in the middle of a computational environment, and its development is controlled by a gene regulatory network. The cells can dif...

Over the past several decades, advances in technology have transformed communications and the ability to acquire, disseminate, and utilize information in a range of environments. Modern societies and their respective militaries have taken advantage of a robust information space through networkcentric systems. Because military and commercial operations have increasingly converged, communication ...

With recession lingering and interest rates remaining high, one hears increasingly that the Fed should abandon its money growth targets and move to a policy of lowering interest rates to full employment levels. All would be well, we are told, if only the Fed would set a fixed low interest rate target consistent with full employment and then let the money stock adjust to money demand to achieve ...

In spite of all that has been said and written concerning the Mfonroe Doctrine it still demands thoughtful study and interpretation. Profound differences of opinion regarding-its significance exist among Americans and Europeans, as well as among Latin-Americans. We need particularly to make the effort to understand the attitude of the latter towards this historic declaration in order to underst...