The Respigard II nebulizer system is the approved method to deliver pentamidine aerosols in the USA. Although continuous operation of the nebulizer until dryness is a designated regimen, the actual pentamidine dose delivered under the operating condition has not been thoroughly studied. Pentamidine solutions (300 mg in 6 mL water) were nebulized continuously with the Respigard II nebulizer syst...

Background: Over recent decades, modern protocols of external beam radioÂ‌therapy and radiation techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) have been developed. These methods are extremely sensitive to errors in treatment delivery, so that it is essential to apply a high resolution 3D dosimetry system that has high sensitivity and is capable of measuring and verifying the complex...

BACKGROUND The study summarised in this report aimed to investigate the interplay between fluence complexity, dose calculation algorithms, dose calculation spatial resolution and delivery characteristics (monitor units, effective field width and dose delivery against dose prediction agreement) was investigated. A sample set of complex planning cases was selected and tested using a commercial tr...

PURPOSE Treatment delivery monitoring is important for radiotherapy, which enables catching dosimetric error at the earliest possible opportunity. This project develops a virtual delivery system to monitor the dose delivery process of photon radiotherapy in real-time using GPU-based Monte Carlo (MC) method. METHODS The simulation process consists of 3 parallel CPU threads. A thread T1 is resp...

An electronic portal image device (EPID) has become a method of patient-specific IMRT dose verification for radiotherapy. Research studies have focused on pre and post-treatment verification, however, there are currently no interventional procedures using EPID dosimetry that measure the dose in real time as a mechanism to ensure that overdoses do not occur and underdoses are detected as soon as...

Treatment verification has been a weak link in external beam radiation therapy. As new and more complicated treatment techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), are implemented into clinical practice, verifying the accuracy of treatment delivery becomes increasingly important. Existing methods for treatment verification are highly labor intensive. We have developed a meth...

IMRT delivery follows a planned leaf sequence, which is optimized before treatment delivery. However, it is hard to model real-time variations, such as respiration, in the planning procedure. In this paper, we propose a negative feedback system of IMRT delivery that incorporates real-time optimization to account for intra-fraction motion. Specifically, we developed a feasible workflow of real-t...

in this paper smart operation of micro energy hub is presented. energy hub system consists of certain energy hubs and interconnectors that are coordinated by energy hub system operator. an energy hub contains several converters and storages to serve demanded services in most efficient manner from available energy carriers. in this paper, the flexibility of energy delivery point is enhanced u...

The increased intricacy of Intensity-Modulated-Radiation-Therapy (IMRT) delivery has created the need for a high-resolution 3D-dosimetry (three-dimensional) system capable of measuring and verifying the complex delivery. Present clinical methods are inadequate being restricted to single points (e.g., ion-chambers) or to 2D planes (e.g., film), and are labor intensive. In this paper we show that...