Fibreoptic endoscopes exposed to x-radiation showed increased optical density of the fibre bundles with a reduction in light transmission. The length irradiated was important as well as the total dose, and there was a linear relationship between the dose/length product (Rm) and the loss of light transmission. The minimum light transmission acceptable for performing ERCP was found to be 57% of t...

Several experimental and numerical studies have shown that turbulent motions in circular pipe flow near transitional Reynolds numbers may not persist forever, but may decay. We study the properties of these decaying states within direct numerical simulations for Reynolds numbers up to 2200 and in pipes with lengths equal to 5, 9, and 15 times the diameter. We show that the choice of the ensembl...

Dosimetry in kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a challenge due to the limitation of physical measurements. To address this, we used a Monte Carlo (MC) method to estimate the CT dose index (CTDI) and the dose length product (DLP) for a commercial CBCT system. As Dixon and Boone showed that CTDI concept can be applicable to both CBCT and conventional CT, we evaluated weighted CT...

Background: Medical X-rays are the largest man-made source of public exposure to ionizing radiation. While the benefits of Computed Tomography (CT) are well known in accurate diagnosis, those benefits are not risk-free. CT is a device with higher patient dose in comparison with other conventional radiation procedures. Objective: This study is aimed at evaluating radiation dose to patients from ...

PURPOSE To perform a systematic review of the radiation dose and diagnostic accuracy of prospective versus retrospective ECG-gated multislice CT coronary angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of Pubmed/Medline and Sciencedirect databases for English literature was performed to identify studies comparing prospective and retrospective ECG-gated multislice CT angiography in the diagnosis o...