BACKGROUND Assays have been developed for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation using plasma samples. Large scale surveillance programs are planned using dried blood spot (DBS) specimens for incidence assessment. However, limited information exists on the performance of HIV cross-sectional incidence assays using DBS. METHODS The assays evaluated were: Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity E...

During brewery handling, production strains of yeast must respond to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, osmolarity, ethanol concentration, nutrient supply and temperature. Fermentation performance of brewing yeast strains is dependent on their ability to adapt to these changes, particularly during batch brewery fermentation which involves the recycling (repitching) of a single ...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY We tested the credibility and significance of digital field photographs as supplements or substitutes for conventional herbarium specimens with particular relevance to exploration of the tropics. METHODS We made 113 collections in triplicate at a species-rich mountain in the Philippines while we took 1238 digital photographs of the same plants. We then identified the plan...

Objectives : Since the risk of pollutants in soil environment may vary depending on characteristics, functions, and environmental conditions soil, site-specific ecological assessment (SERA) should be conducted to protect ecosystem from pollutants. It has been confirmed that each country is conducting SERAs based guidelines suitable for their own conditions. However, Korea, there a lack basis in...

background; various industries produce and discharge wastes containing different heavy metals into the environment. apart from using living biomass, dead and dried biomasses have been introduced as a new field of biotreatment technology. method; the cadmium (cd) (ii) removal characteristics of live (growing), dead (autoclaved), and oven-dried biomasses of aspergillus versicolor were examined as...

we sought to determine levels of oral bioaccessibility of hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf) from frequently consumed dried fruits in iran. fifty samples from frequently consumed types of dried fruits were analyzed for moisture, acidity and hmf content before and after in vitro digestion. besides, bioaccessibility of hmf in dried fruits using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestive model and hmf intake...

background and aims: the aim of this study was application of gamma irradiated fmdv antigen for liquid phase blocking sandwich elisa (b-elisa) to quantify guinea pig anti fmdv type a87/irn antibody. methods: fmdv type a87/irn was propagated to a titer of 107.5/ml tcid50 and then irradiated by gamma irradiator. the irradiated 146 s antigen was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation after in...

background:   objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rabbit antiserum to es cells on mouse preimplantation embryo development and chimera production.   materials and methods: mouse 4-cell embryos were matured in vitro at 37.5 o c, in humidified 5% co 2 atmosphere for 12-36 h. the embryos were cultured in ksom medium with or without antiserum for 12-36 h. the ratios...