1. introduction a drought is a prolonged period of water deficit and usually occurs when an area does not receive significant precipitation for a sustained period of time, say several months (chen, kuo, & yu, 2009; linsely, kohlerm, & paulhus, 1959). the effects of drought often accumulate slowly over a considerable period of time that may linger for several years even after the termination of dr...

in this study, we used monthly palmer severity drought index (pdsi) data of national center of oceanic atmospheric administration (noaa) during 1/1950 to 12/2005(56 year). the time and space resolution of data is monthly and 2.5*2.5 degree respectively. therefore 26 pixels located in iran political boundary. a matrix 26*672 carried out that pixels located on rows and month located on column. th...

drought is a major limiting factor for agricultural production in most parts of the world and landraces areimportant genetic resources for crop improvement in dry areas. during the 2007-2008 cropping season, 23 chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) genotypes consisting of 21 kabuli chickpea landraces provided by the national plant gene bank of iran and two known commercial varieties (hashem and arman) ...

In the current human-influenced era, drought is initiated by natural and human drivers, and human activities are as integral to drought as meteorological factors. In large irrigated agricultural regions with high levels of human intervention, where the natural farmland soil moisture has usually been changed significantly by high-frequency irrigation, the actual severity of agricultural drought ...

Drought management depends on indicators to detect drought conditions, and triggers to activate drought responses. But determining those indicators and triggers presents challenges. Indicators often lack spatial and temporal transferability, comparability among scales, and relevance to critical drought impacts. Triggers often lack statistical integrity, consistency among drought categories, and...

High tree mortality due to drought and insects often is assumed to increase fire severity once ignition occurs. In 2002-2003, coniferous forests in the San Bernardino Mountains, California experienced a significant tree mortality event due to drought and an outbreak of western pine beetles (Dendroctonus brevicomis). In October 2003, fire burned approximately 5,860 ha of conifer forest types in ...

In this paper, the severity prediction of drought through the implementation of modern sensor networks is discussed. We describe how to design a drought prediction system using wireless sensor networks. This paper will describe a terrestrial interconnected wireless sensor network paradigm for the prediction of severity of drought over a vast area of 10,000 sq km. The communication architecture ...

The 2011 East Africa drought caused dire situations across several countries and led to a widespread and costly famine in the region. Numerous dynamic and statistical drought prediction models have been used for providing drought information and/or early warning. The concept of Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) has been successfully applied to univariate drought indicators (e.g., the Standar...

Drought is the dominant process of crop loss nationally and within Nebraska. Nearly twothirds of the 18.6 million harvested acres are covered by crop insurance (USDA/RMA, 2003; USDA/NASS, 2003). For the most part, Nebraska’s crop losses range from $50 to 75 million in non-drought years, but the losses approach nearly $200 million in drought years, such as 2000. The past growing season (2002) cr...