Mucoadhesive polymers have recently gained interest among pharmaceutical scientists as a means of improving drug delivery by promoting dosage form residence time and contact time with the mucous membranes. Mucoadhesion occurs between two surfaces, one of which is a mucous membrane and another is drug delivery system. Pharmaceutical aspects of mucoadhesion have been the subject of great interest...

using ion-exchange resins, a multiple-unit type of oral floating dosage system has been prepared to prolong gastric emptying time of dosage form. the system is composed of beads of drug-resin complex, which are loaded with bicarbonate ions and coated with a hydrophobic polymer. the system is so designed that when the beads reach the stomach, chloride ions are exchanged with bicarbonate and drug...

The end product of drug development is the use of the drug in clinical therapy. When a drug has a narrow margin of therapeutic safety, we must steer its dosage between one that is too low, and likely to be ineffective on the one hand, or too high, and likely to be toxic, on the other. We must carefully plan and individualize the dosage for each patient, to achieve some desired target goal such ...

Oral administration of different dosage forms is the most commonly used method due to flexibility in design of dosage form and high patient acceptance, but the gastrointestinal tract presents several formidable barriers to drug delivery. In oral colon-specific drug delivery system, colon has a large amount of lymphoma tissue (facilitates direct absorption in to the blood), negligible brush boar...

the pharmaceutical industry’s need to maintain its economic incentive to develop new drugs, have required that the industry increase speed to market and reduce the number of failures and overall cost of new drug development. This need has made it imperative for the industry to use efficient, systematic approaches to both drug discovery and formulation design. To accelerate drug discovery, scien...

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) is a prodrug with poor oral bioavailability because of its metabolism to Cefpodoxime acid (CA) in luminal contents and intestinal epithelial cells. In the present investigation, regional variability in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract vis-à-vis solubility and metabolism were investigated, and the results indicated potential for a gastro retentive (GR) d...

Drug dosage forms contain many components in addition to the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) to assist in the manufacturing process as well as to optimise drug delivery. Due to advances in drug delivery technology, excipients are currently included in novel dosage forms to fulfil specific functions and in some cases they directly or indirectly influence the extent and/or rate of drug releas...

Over recent years, drug release/dissolution from solid pharmaceutical dosage forms has been the subject of intense and profitable scientific developments. Whenever a new solid dosage form is developed or produced, it is necessary to ensure that drug dissolution occurs in an appropriate manner. The pharmaceutical industry and the registration authorities do focus, nowadays, on drug dissolution s...

Bioadhesion can be defined as a phenomenon of interfacial molecular attractive forces in the midst of the surfaces of biological substrate and the natural or synthetic polymers, which allows the polymer to adhere to biological surface for an extended period of time. Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers an adorable route of administration for systemic drug delivery. Among the...

1961 B. Sree Giri Prasad* Teegala Krishna Reddy College of Pharmacy, Meerpet, Medbowli, Hyderabad, A.P, Email: [email protected] [email protected] Mobile No: 09441893479 Address for correspondence Oral modified-release multiple-unit dosage forms have always been more effective therapeutic alternative to conventional or immediate release single-unit dosage forms. With regar...