A quarter of the world's population is subjected to a 1 hr time change twice a year (daylight saving time, DST). This reflects a change in social clocks, not environmental ones (e.g., dawn). The impact of DST is poorly understood. Circadian clocks use daylight to synchronize (entrain) to the organism's environment. Entrainment is so exact that humans adjust to the east-west progression of dawn ...

SETTING Drug susceptibility testing (DST) is recommended in Kenya to identify multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in persons registered for tuberculosis (TB) retreatment. DST is performed at a central laboratory with a two-step growth-based process and a regional laboratory with a simultaneous molecular- and growth-based process. OBJECTIVE To compare proportions of retreatment cases who...

Anti-CD154 variably prolongs allograft survival in nonhuman primates. Rodent studies suggest that adding pretransplant donor-specific transfusion (DST) and/or rapamycin to anti-CD154 improves survival. The CD154-specific Ab IDEC-131 was tested alone and in combination with rapamycin for its ability to inhibit rhesus MLRs. The ability of the Ab to block endothelial activation was also assessed. ...

Discrete Sine Transforms of types VI and VII (DST-VI/VII) have recently received considerable interest in video coding. In particular, it was shown that DST-VII offers good approximation for KLT of residual signals produced by spatial (Intra) prediction process. In this paper, we offer an additional argument for use of such transforms by showing that they allow fast computation. Specifically, w...

An abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) result, a sensitive and specific marker for endogenous depression, was found to be associated with an antidepressant response to sleep deprivation in patients who met DSM-III criteria for Major Depressive Episode regardless of whether they met criteria for melancholia or psychotic subtypes of this disorder. These findings support previous reports...

This paper provides a decision support tool (DST) to analyze and evaluate the project value of offshore wind energy projects within the framework of project finance. The DST is based on a discounted cash-flow model in combination with a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to measure project risks and manage these risks. To consider the special requirements of debt capital providers in this context, ke...

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) uses an 8-point filter and a 7-point filter, which 7 are based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT), for the 1/2-pixel and 1/4-pixel interpolations, 8 respectively. In this paper, discrete sine transform (DST)-based interpolation filters (IF) are 9 proposed. The first proposed DST-based IFs (DST-IFs) use 8-point and 7-point filters for the 10 1/2-pixel and ...

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a key antituberculosis drug, yet no rapid susceptibility test is commercially available. PZA drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed directly on sputum samples from 327 patients and compared with the indirect method by using the Bactec MGIT 960 system in the context of patient screening for participation in a drug trial. Compared to standard indirect PZA DST, direc...

Tree-Embedding is one of the most powerful techniques in the area of approximation algorithms as it reduces many diffcult problems like group Steiner tree (GST) on general graphs into amenable tree intances. However, the developments on tree-embedding are pertained only to undirected graphs, thus rendering it useless against problems on directed graphs like directed Steiner tree (DST) and its g...