A tandem SNAr/5-exo-trig cyclization reaction is reported that converts N-alkyl- and -arylimines derived from o-fluorobenzaldehydes into 3-amino-2,3-dihydro-2,2-diarylbenzofurans in moderate to good yields. Diarylmethoxide coupling partners serve the dual role of nucleophile in the SNAr step and catalytic base in the cyclization step. With a subset of the substrates, a further base-induced elim...

The one-pot sequential reaction of various amines, carbodiimides, and acyl dichlorides has been achieved for the first time under metal-free conditions to provide symmetric cyclic di-oxoguanidines via an unexpected 2,2-dichloro-imidazolidindione intermediate. Acyl dichlorides have a dual function: to serve as the third component and to activate carbodiimides. In sharp contrast, the AlMe(3)-cata...

In this letter, a high-gain low-profile dual-circularly polarized (CP) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with fixed beam is presented. The proposed LWA comprises only two-layered substrates, in which the top layer constructs annular array while bottom realizes feeding network. To obtain beam, differential excitation generated by coupler employed. Furthermore, dual-CP network provides two sequentially ro...

in this paper, we study spacelike dual biharmonic curves. we characterize spacelike dual biharmonic curves in terms of their curvature and torsion in the lorentzian dual heisenberg group . we give necessary and sufficient conditions for spacelike dual biharmonic curves in the lorentzian dual heisenberg group . therefore, we prove that all spacelike dual biharmonic curves are spacelike dual heli...

We have demonstrated a new technique to transform bulk materials into one-dimensional nanostructures. We have shown that p-type Si nanotubes (SiNTs) can be grown by a simple dual RF plasma treatment of p-type Si substrates at 500 °C. These SiNTs have diameters of ∼50-80 nm with tubular wall thickness of ∼10-15 nm. The use of Cu vapor and reactive plasma has enabled the growth of these SiNTs ins...

We report the discovery of a face-centered cubic (Al1-xCrx)2O3 solid solution [0.60 preferred orientation and exhi...

The growth of silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) by a dual-RF-plasma treatment technique is reported here. These SiNTs are vertically aligned and self-assembled from Si substrates at 500 °C by the use of Cu catalysts. Their diameters are ~50 to 80 nm with tubular wall thickness of ~10-15nm. Cu vapors were found partially filled inside the SiNTs. This is a novel technique that can convert bulk materials ...

An empirical method for simplified dimension estimation of patch antennas is proposed in this work based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA). This involves generating formulae to calculate substrate-independent antenna widths produced from the antenna’s angle. enables definition a relationship between angle and natural resonant frequency an structure, bridging changes frequencies contributed ...

In this paper, microstrip dual band antenna array with defected ground structure has been proposed for low frequency wearable on-body applications. The simulated Cotton, Polyimide, Polyester and Teflon (PTFE) flexible materials which are mostly used biomedical performance of 2x2 trapezoidal patch partial ground, thin slot defection at center studied in terms return loss, VSWR, power handling ca...

BACKGROUND Enzymes that degrade or modify polysaccharides are widespread in pro- and eukaryotes and have multiple biological roles and biotechnological applications. Recent advances in genome and secretome sequencing, together with associated bioinformatic tools, have enabled large numbers of carbohydrate-acting enzymes to be putatively identified. However, there is a paucity of methods for rap...