Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement anomaly characterized by variable horizontal duction deficits, with narrowing of the palpebral fissure and globe retraction on attempted adduction, occasionally accompanied by upshoot or down-shoot. The etiopathogenesis of this condition can be explained by a spectrum of mechanical, innervational, neurologic and genetic abnormalities ...

We report a case of pseudo-Duane's retraction syndrome with entrapment of the medial rectus muscle in an old medial orbital wall fracture presenting identical clinical symptoms as Duane's retraction syndrome. A 15-year-old boy presented with persistent limited right eye movement since a young age. Examination showed marked limited abduction, mildly limited adduction, and globe retraction accomp...

Objective: Koro originally describes a Chinese endemic, culturally rooted phenomenon characterized by the imagination of genital shrinking/retraction combined with fear of death. Case reports of Koro and so-called Koro-like syndrome (KLS) have been found worldwide, mostly combined with different underlying mental disorders. The phenomenon is presented and discussed.Method: A literature review w...

Twenty two patients with primary congenital lid retraction affecting either the upper or lower eyelids or both are presented. The clinical features and management are discussed in the hope that recognition of this clinical entity will prevent unnecessary investigation.

This paper reports the occurrence of retinal detachment in 18 patients suffering from congenital glaucoma. Difficulty in establishing control of the glaucoma and the presence of high myopia were common findings. The poor results of detachment surgery were related to opacites in the media preventing evaluation of the renal details and the development of massive preretinal retraction.

Horner's syndrome is a rare complication after video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT). We present two cases of thyroid microcarcinoma who presented with Horner's syndrome on day 2 after surgery. Ultrasonography showed no hematoma or fluid collection in the surgical field. For the first case, the symptoms were much relieved 4 months later. However, the right pupil remained smaller. For the second ca...