To determine the value of ultrasound scanning of the craniocervical junction in neonates via a posterior approach, we examined 50 infants with normal posterior fossae, 10 with congenital abnormalities, and eight with intracranial hemorrhage. Good evaluation of the cisterna magna, medulla, tonsils, vermis, cervical cord, and central canal was possible in most cases. In nine patients with spinal ...

abstract we had two cases of female complicated anorectal and genital malformations which underwent total mobilization of all structures of perinea to midline. case1: a 6 month old female with skin covered bladder, pubic diastasis, ectopic anus, vagina, and urethra to the right side of median cleft and lipoma on the left side. closure of pubic diastasis with iliac osteotomy and double barrel si...

introduction: breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women. the aim of this study was to assess the pathologic findings of patients with breast cancer who were referred to the pathology ward in bandarabbas during 2002 to 2010. methods and materials: in this descriptive study in 2010, all patients with breast cancer who were referred to the pathology ward of bandara...

Topiramate is commonly used for treating epilepsy in both children and adults. Recent clinical data suggests that administration of topiramate to women during pregnancy increases the risk of oral clefts in their offspring. To better understand the potential effects of topiramate, we dosed adult female zebrafish with topiramate, and investigated the altered morphologies in adult females and thei...

Mouse embryos homozygous for the loop-tail (Lp) mutation fail to initiate neural tube closure at E8.5, leading to a severe malformation in which the neural tube remains open from midbrain to tail. During initiation of closure, the normal mouse neural plate bends sharply in the midline, at the site of the future floor plate. In contrast, Lp/Lp embryos exhibit a broad region of flat neural plate ...

Bile ducts are hepatic tubular structures that are lined by cholangiocytes, a type of liver epithelial cell. Cholangiocytes first form a single layer of cells, termed the ductal plate, surrounding the portal vein, which eventually remodels into the branching tubular network of bile ducts. The process of bile duct morphogenesis is not yet clear: a conventional model where cholangiocytes prolifer...

We show that cultures of mouse embryo liver generate insulin-positive cells when transduced with an adenoviral vector encoding the three genes: Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA (Ad-PNM). Only a proportion of transduced cells become insulin-positive and the highest yield occurs in the period E14-16, declining at later stages. Insulin-positive cells do not divide further although they can persist for several ...

INTRODUCTION Polydactyly is the most common congenital foot anomaly and consists of partial or complete duplication of a toe. Traditionally, surgical treatment has been amputation. There is little evidence when surgical treatment requires repairing the stabilizing structures of the metatarsophalangeal joint. OBJECTIVE Assess the functional and radiologic outcomes of a case of postaxial polyda...