Frequent assertions by river users that rivers in northern England now rise and fall more quickly than in the past, have never been validated by analysis on catchments of more than 10 km 2. The method using indices of flow variability provides a basis for making direct measurements of the annual number and duration of pulses, i.e. rises above a given flow, and for comparing catchments of differ...

The absolute time-dependent nonlinear response of O2, N2, N2O, and Ar to intense nonionizing, ultrashort optical pump pulses is measured with single-shot spectral interferometry. The instantaneous and delayed rotational responses are distinguished as a function of pump-pulse duration and probe central wavelength. Our measurements are central to the modeling and understanding of nonlinear propag...

In this paper we give an exposition to an ongoing research eeort in cooperation with aerospace industries in Sweden. We report on an application of formal veriication techniques on a landing gear system. This system consists of actuating hydromechanic and electromechanic hardware, and of controlling software components. We emphasize the need for modelling techniques and languages covering the w...

This paper presents a probabilistic extension of Neighbourhood Logic (NL,[14, 1]). The study of such an extension is motivated by the need to supply the Probabilistic Duration Calculus (PDC, [10, 4]) with a proof system. The relation between the new logic and PDC is similar to that between DC [15] and ITL [12, 3]. We present a complete proof system for the new logic.

The paper presents a model of Biphase Mark Protocols (BMP) using Duration Calculus, which seems to be more general and more intuitive than the others in the literature [9]. With Duration Calculus we can model the behaviour of the bus in a natural way and in more detail. The model makes it possible to specify and verify BMP using PVS/DC− [8] tool. The mechanical verification not only ensures the...

2014 A laser pulse method for diffusivity determination is analysed. The method which permits the measurement of the laser pulse energy distribution as well as its shape is developed. This method can be easily implanted into laser pulse diffusivity set-up and it allows to check periodically the pulse characteristics that is of primary importance for the accuracy of the diffusivity measurements....

We demonstrate power scaling of an Nd:YAG picosecond master oscillator power amplifier system to over 200 W. The ‘z-slab’ amplifier design is a power scalable, edge-pumped zigzag slab amplifier architecture, and it is demonstrated here in two alternative multi-stage implementations at 1064 nm using a picosecond seed laser. In a simple design, an average power of 225 W was generated with up to 4...

We have measured the absolute dissociation probability of SF 6 gas irradiated by CO 2 laser pulses varying in duration from 0.5 nsec to 100 nsec. We find a threshold for dissociation of ~ 1.4 J/cm 2, independent of pulse duration. For fixed energy density, the dissociation probability increases as the pulse duration decreases, but not nearly to the degree expected from theory. We have also dete...

being observed frequently that projects cannot achieve to their plan duration and their budget. utilizing retrospective method is one of the reasons for this problem. in this research two method, earned duration management and risk management, has been used to remove the gap of the plan and the reality; this enable the project to utilize both high accuracy of the first method and prophecy of th...

background and objective: bruising is the most common complications that resulting from subcutaneous heparin injection. it causes the limitation of injection area, anxiety, disruption of body image, refusing treatment in patients and the reduction in patients trust in nurse. although different methods were suggested to lessen these unwanted complications, unfortunately none of them could decrea...