Early life stress increases the risk for developing stress-related pathologies later in life. Recent studies in rats suggest that mild early life stress, rather than being overall unfavorable, may program the hippocampus such that it is optimally adapted to a stressful context later in life. Here, we tested whether this principle of "adaptive programming" also holds under severely adverse early...

Introduction Early-life interpersonal stress, particularly childhood maltreatment (CM), is associated with social cognition deficits as well neurobiological abnormalities including alterations in brain structure and function heightened inflammation. However, few studies have investigated whether peer victimisation (PV) has similar effects. Objectives This study first examines the associations b...

social determinants, similar to equity, have been considered by policymakers in many countries. however, there is not a correct and complete understanding of them. this study aimed to analyze the systematic relationships among social determinants of health (sdh) and identify their prioritization in iran.this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2012. the target populati...