Using the results of a high precision calculation of the solar neutrino survival probability for Earth crossing neutrinos in the case of MSW νe → νμ(τ) transition solution of the solar neutrino problem, performed in an earlier study, we derive predictions for the one-year averaged day-night (D-N) asymmetry in the deformations of the e spectrum to be measured with the Super Kamiokande detector, ...

Introduction During 1983-1986, the four year period covered by this review, emphasis in the study of mantle convection shifted away from fluid mechanical analysis of simple systems with uniform material properties and simple geometries, toward analyzing the effects of more complicated, presumably more realistic models. This shift received impetus from developments in other branches of earth sci...

We present new ultra-high precision Nd/Nd measurements of early Archaean rocks using the new generation thermal ionization mass spectrometer Triton. Repeated measurements of the Ames Nd standard demonstrate that the Nd/Nd ratio can be determined with external precision of 2 ppm (2r), allowing confident resolution of anomalies as small as 5 ppm. A major analytical improvement lies in the elimina...

H. J. van Heck, J. H. Davies, T. Elliott, and D. Porcelli School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen’s Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK Department of ...

RO OF Reply to Comment on “Rapid late Miocene rise of the Bolivian Altiplano: Evidence for removal of mantle lithosphere” by Garzione et al. (2006), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 241 (2006) 543–556 Carmala N. Garzione ⁎, Peter Molnar , Julie C. Libarkin , Bruce J. MacFadden d a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA b Department of Geologica...

Isotropic earth models are unable to provide uniform fits to the gross Earth normal mode data set or, in many cases, to regional Loveand Rayleigh-wave data. Anisotropic inversion provides a good fit to the data and indicates that the upper 200 km of the mantle is anisotropic. The nature and magnitude of the required anisotropy, moreover, is similar to that found in body wave studies and in stud...

A dynamic 3-D spherical-shell model for the chemical evolution of the Earth’s mantle is presented. Chemical differentiation, convection, stirring, and thermal evolution constitute an inseparable dynamic system. Our model is based on the solution of the balance equations of mass, momentum, energy, angular momentum, and four sums of the number of atoms of the pairs U-Pb, U-Pb, Th-Pb, and K-Ar. Si...

The dynamic processes within the Earth leave their record in geophysical and geochemical variation about the general stratification with depth. A snapshot of current structure is provided by geophysical evidence, whereas geochemical information provides a perspective over the age of the Earth. The combination of information on the distribution of heterogeneity from geophysical and geochemical s...

The Earth is composed of layers of different composition and physical properties, principally the solid central core, the fluid peripheral core, the viscous mantle, and the solid lithosphere. The lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the crust, the outer shell of the Earth. There are two types of lithosphere, according to the crust resting on the solid mantle lithosphere (lithospheri...

The detection of excess 142Nd caused by the decay of 103Ma half-life 146Sm in all terrestrial rocks compared with chondrites shows that the chondrite analogue compositional model cannot be strictly correct, at least for the accessible portion of the Earth. Both the continental crust (CC) and the mantle source of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) originate from the material characterized by superch...