Using a variety of approaches, researchers have studied the health effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and vitamin D. This review compares the contributions from geographical ecological studies with those of observational studies and clinical trials. Health outcomes discussed were based on the author's knowledge and include anaphylaxis/food allergy, atopic dermatitis and eczema...

Crupi, Fitelson, and Tentori (CFT, forthcoming) offer three conditions that constitute an attempted confirmation-theoretic explanation of the conjunction fallacy. I present experimental results to show that CFT’s conditions are neither necessary nor sufficient for the fallacy. There exist cases that do not meet their three conditions in which subjects still tend to commit the fallacy. Also, the...

A number of important misconceptions or fallacies stand in the way of a better understanding of the nation’s flood problem. The fallacies are not universal, with many flood experts, decision makers, and sectors of the public escaping their seductive logic. But enough people do fall prey to these fallacies of floods so as to create obstacles to improved utilization of the lessons of experience. ...

This study argues that the Lao-Zhuang Daoist account of nature provides what can be called (anachronistically) "Non-Naturalistic Fallacy." "Qualities" and "values" are products interaction. "Intrinsic value" does not exist. For Daoist, committing Fallacy" predisposes persons to creating extraneous suff ering in human society. In particular, fallacy bifurcates experience such a way it becomes po...

In addition to traditional fallacies such as ad hominem, discussions of risk contain logical and argumentative fallacies that are specific to the subject-matter. Ten such fallacies are identified, that can commonly be found in public debates on risk. They are named as follows: the sheer size fallacy, the converse sheer size fallacy, the fallacy of naturalness, the ostrich's fallacy, the proof-s...

In a recent issue of TREE, Coleman and Gross’ claim that if life history theory is incorporated, it appears that the Concorde fallacy, originally proposed by Dawkin+, is itself a fallacy. They conclude that ‘There is no role for the Concorde fallacy in understanding parental-investment theory’. In this last comment they may be right. However, the idea is not new. Dawkins, in The Exrended fhenor...