BACKGROUND To establish the impact of tobacco smoking on mortality is essential to define and monitor public health interventions in developing countries. METHODS The Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity and Economic Costs (SAMMEC) software was used to estimate the smoking attributable mortality (SAM) in 15 Brazilian State Capitals and the Federal District for the year 2003. Smoking prev...

T article presents basic data about the 20 colleges of osteopathic medicine for the 2003–2004 academic year. Information in this article has been adapted from the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM)/American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Annual Osteopathic Medical School Questionnaire for the 2003–2004 academic year, fiscal year (FY) 2002, and the 2004–2005 AACOM Tu...

In this study 495 smallholder dairy farms in 52 villages of different township in southwestern province of Iran (Chaharmohal and Bakhtiari province) included 1321 lactating cows and 2811 total mature cows (lactating and dry) during winter 2009 to summer 2010 were used to estimate economic opportunities insmallholder dairy farms. Questionnaire survey was used to collect data from last year infor...

To monitor the health of the public in England, UK, the Central Health Monitoring Unit within the UK Department of Health commissioned an annual health examination survey, which became known as the Health Survey for England (HSE). The first survey was completed in 1991. The HSE covers all of England and is a nationally representative sample of those residing at private residential addresses. Ea...

BACKGROUND Recent increases in the prevalence of adolescent obesity have been widely documented. Whilst there is a common lay perception that the current generation of adolescents is less active than ever before, there is little published data to support this notion. In addition, there is little published data on trends in physical activity in adolescents according to factors such as gender, ag...

To monitor the health of the public in England, UK, the Central Health Monitoring Unit within the UK Department of Health commissioned an annual health examination survey, which became known as the Health Survey for England (HSE). The first survey was completed in 1991. The HSE covers all of England and is a nationally representative sample of those residing at private residential addresses. Ea...

AIM Adolescents in Vietnam have a low level of sexual activity, but this may increase with urbanisation and economic development. The aim of this analysis is to understand trends in correlates of permissive attitudes towards premarital sex among Vietnamese adolescents using an ecological framework. METHODS Data from the Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth from 2003 (n = 7584) and 2009 (n = ...

Based on the data provided by the cultural authorities in the past 20 years, about 40 million audiences of cinema in Iran have been fallen. In other words, Iranians, on average, are spending only 15 minutes in a year at cinemas. The main objective of this study was to investigate this fact hence Bourdieu's theory was utilized to study the effects of social, cultural and economic capitals on cin...