S capular winging typically results from serratus anterior dysfunction caused by injury to the long thoracic nerve or from trapezius dysfunction caused by injury to the spinal accessory nerve. The surgical treatment of choice for scapular winging caused by trapezius palsy is the Eden-Lange procedure. This procedure, as modified by Bigliani et al., includes transfer of the levator scapulae muscl...

Kelly J. Brunst, Ph.D.1,2,†, Yuet-Kin Leung, Ph.D.2,3, Patrick H. Ryan, Ph.D.1,2,4, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, M.D., Ph.D.5, Linda Levin, Ph.D.1,2, Hong Ji, Ph.D.5, Grace K. LeMasters, Ph.D.1, and Shuk-Mei Ho, Ph.D.2,3,6 1Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Kettering Building, Cincinnati, OH 2Center for Environmental Geneti...

Translational control is a key level in regulating gene expression in oocytes and eggs because many mRNAs are synthesized and stored during oogenesis for latter use at various stages of oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie this translational control is therefore crucial. Another important issue is the evolutionary conservation of thes...

We calculate the eigenspectrum of random walks on the Eden tree in two and three dimensions. From this, we calculate the spectral dimension ds and the walk dimension dw and test the scaling relation ds = 2df/dw (= 2d/dw for an Eden tree). Finite-size induced crossovers are observed, whereby the system crosses over from a short-time regime where this relation is violated (particularly in two dim...

Cellular Automata are mathematical representations of physical systems which can be described as a regular uniform lattice with discrete variables at each cell represented by 0 or 1. The state of the cell is determined by its neighbors at each time step according to a set of local rules. From these simple set up rules, complex behavior can appear. These systems have been simulated in many diffe...

The Moore-Myhill Garden of Eden theorem asserts that a cellular automaton with finite alphabet over a free abelian group of rank 2 is surjective if and only if it is pre-injective. Here, pre-injectivity means that two configurations which coincide outside of a finite subset of the group must coincide everywhere if they have the same image under the cellular automaton. The Garden of Eden theorem...