Although inequalities in health and socioeconomic status have an important influence on childhood educational performance, the interactions between these multiple factors relating to variation in educational outcomes at micro-level is unknown, and how to evaluate the many possible interactions of these factors is not well established. This paper aims to examine multi-dimensional deprivation fac...

INTRODUCTION The aim was to identify the association of iron status with educational performance and intelligence of adolescents. METHOD This was a cross sectional comparative study among adolescents aged 13-15 years. Each iron deficient student was matched with an iron sufficient student from the same school, class and sex. Iron status was based on haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. The ...

KEY FINDINGS Most teenagers received formal sex education before they were 18 (96% of female and 97% of male teenagers). Female teenagers were more likely than male teenagers to report first receiving instruction on birth control methods in high school (47% compared with 38%). Younger female teenagers were more likely than younger male teenagers to have talked to their parents about sex and bir...

CONTEXT Although the pervasiveness of domestic violence against women in Bangladesh is well documented, specific risk factors, particularly those that can be affected by policies and programs, are not well understood. METHODS In 2001-2002, surveys, in-depth interviews and small group discussions were conducted with married women from six Bangladeshi villages to examine the types and severity ...

This paper summarises key activities initiated and the progress achieved between April 1993 and June 2002 in implementing the Three Rs in one of ECVAM's priority areas - the production and quality control of biologicals. These have included: organising nine key workshops; financially supporting and/or participating in a number of prevalidation and/or validation studies; financial contributions ...

4 Prominent Research Challenges 3 4.1 Multi-Modal Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4.2 Design and Human Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.3 Developmental/Epigenetic Robotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.4 Social, Servi...

BACKGROUND Patient engagement is an essential aspect in the research/development of biopharmaceutical products and disease management. Improving the lives of patients requires a deep understanding of their medical conditions, experiences, needs and priorities. However, a consistent definition of patient centricity is lacking. A series of initiatives was conducted to define patient centricity an...

Ecological studies, when the school is the unit of analysis, may help to design and evaluate school intervention programs. The paper discusses selected contextual determinants of bullying, using data collected in Poland in 2015 and aggregated to school level (4085 students; 70 junior high schools). The main hypothesis is related to the neighborhood social capital as protective factor and the ty...