A mathematical programming approach is developed for deriving estimates of the willingness-to-pay of water customers for improvements in water supply reliability. Reliability is represented as a probability distribution of different shortage levels, allowing the valuation of different profiles of water supply reliability. The approach is examined analytically and a two-stage linear programming ...

organizational citizenship behavior, as an optional and intelligent behavior of the personnel, has a significant impression on the individual and organizational conducts and make the personnel to do their duties much better than expected and assigned by their job description. meanwhile, self-efficacy of the personnel, relaying on their ability and talent, has a determining role in encouraging a...

One of the major goals of the Sustainable Agriculture Farming initiatives at UC Davis is to provide information about the feasibility of adopting conservation tillage and cover cropping at the farm level. The project includes two tillage schemes: standard tillage (ST) and conservation tillage (CT), and three farming methods: conventional, organic, and winter legume cover crop. All three product...

In many grasslands, grazing by large native or introduced ungulates drives ecosystem structure and function. The behavior of these animals is important as it directs the spatial effects of grazing. To the degree that temperature drives spatial components of foraging, understanding how changes in climate alter grazing behavior will provide guidance for the conservation of ecosystem goods and ser...