BACKGROUND Morbidly obese subjects, who often complain about breathlessness when lying down, breathe at low lung volume with a reduced expiratory reserve volume (ERV). Therefore, during tidal breathing the expiratory flow reserve is decreased, promoting expiratory flow limitation (EFL), which is more likely to occur in the supine position, when the relaxation volume of the respiratory system, a...

When expiratory flow is maximal during tidal breathing and cannot be increased unless operative lung volumes move towards total lung capacity, tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFL) is said to occur. EFL represents a severe mechanical constraint caused by different mechanisms and observed in different conditions, but it is more relevant in terms of prevalence and negative consequences in obstru...

The goal of the present study was to investigate English language teacher candidates’ Inner Circle variety (i.e., British and American English) preferences through their use in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, grammar examine individuals’ opinions on factors affecting adoption context Turkey. Following adaption instrument employed, data garnered from 158 pre-service teachers enrolled an edu...

Tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFL) may promote dynamic hyperinflation and contribute to chronic dyspnoea. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of EFL to chronic dyspnoea in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). The presence of EFL was determined in 102 adults with stable CF (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 17.3-91.5% predicted) and 20 age-matched control subjec...

Student ratings of instruction can be a valuable indicator of teaching because the quality measurement of instruction identifies areas where improvement is needed. Student ratings of instruction are expected to evaluate and enhance the teaching strategies. Evaluation of teaching effectiveness has been officially implemented in Taiwanese higher education since 2005. Therefore, this research inve...

Various vocabulary learning systems have been developed to assist students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in acquiring the knowledge of vocabulary. By using the electronic dictionary, people only acquire vocabularies on a superficial. Most corpus-based system focuses on lexical explanation, such as giving synonyms and antonyms. Only a few studies have attempted to use lexical structures...

This study investigated EFL teachers’ and students’ perspectives towards Audiotaped Oral Dialogue Journals (ATODJs), as a computer-mediated communication (CMC) and a Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) task. The data came from 202 entries of ATODJs, gathered from15 female Iranian intermediate EFL learners. Teachers and students’ evaluations of the whole program comprised of the qualitative...

Regional expiratory flow limitation (EFL) may occur during tidal breathing without being detected by measurements of flow at the mouth. We tested this hypothesis by using Technegas to reveal sites of EFL. A first study (study 1) was undertaken to determine whether deposition of Technegas during tidal breathing reveals the occurrence of regional EFL in induced bronchoconstriction. Time-activity ...

The analysis of current EFL (English as a Foreign Language) education and literature indicates that most EFL practices can be characterised as traditional language learning settings in which teachers direct the learning process, and students are then assumed as passive receptors of knowledge. Furthermore, EFL learning has also been criticised as an in-class-only learning practice due to the rar...