Fungal diseases of fish have become increasingly important, over the past 20 years. The traditional ‘‘fungi’’ are comprised members from several different taxonomic kingdoms. An increasing number other environmental fungi being reported diseased fish, further testament to opportunistic nature many fungi. Active fungal agents living in waters cause infections juvenile and adult individuals popul...

Tunga penetrans (L.) and T. trimamillata Pampiglione et al. are the unique species of the genus parasiting men. While morphological identification of gravid females is possible, the diagnosis on non-gravid females, males or body fragment is quite difficult, time consuming and often requires taxonomic experience. In this paper we present a protocol for the diagnosis of these species based on the...

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe (Phylum Nematoda), is a major pathogen of soybean. It causes substantial yield losses worldwide and is difficult to control because the cyst protects the eggs which can remain viable for nearly a decade. Crop rotation with non-host crops and use of biocontrol organisms such as fungi and bacteria offer promising approaches, but remain...

The use of biological agents has been intensified in recent years against eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes as an alternative control method in pasture plant health management, with the concomitant use with antiparasitic drugs still occurring. The aim of this study was to test the in vitro activity of the following antiparasitic drugs: Ivermectin and albendazole against the followin...

BACKGROUND The western corn rootworm (WCR) is one of the economically most important pests of maize. A better understanding of microbial communities associated with guts and eggs of the WCR is required in order to develop new pest control strategies, and to assess the potential role of the WCR in the dissemination of microorganisms, e.g., mycotoxin-producing fungi. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDI...

T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of common fungi capable of infesting human food and animal feeds. Lower-quality feeds given to chickens may be contaminated with T-2 toxin, which may affect their health. The literature suggests that T-2 toxin is transmitted from the hen to the eggs. This article describes the development of a liquid chromatographic assay for T-2 and the rela...

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic fungi are an important biological agent in integrated pest management, playing a critical role controlling insect populations. In the present study, sublethal effects of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), were investigated on biotic potential Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is major ...

This review describes the current research status regarding implementation of predatory fungi in biological control approach bird gastrointestinal (GI) parasitosis. The main GI parasites Galliformes (e.g., broilers, layers, peacocks, pheasants) and Ratites ostriches, emus, rheas) are addressed, as well their impact on farms, zoos, private collections. characteristics biocontrol with briefly des...