The cooling capacity, efficiency and cooling flux for a single stage thermoelectric cooler, as part of a multistage cooler, is analyzed in this study. The Lagrange Multiplier method is used to develop nonlinear algebraic equations for the optimum condition for different objective functions. The analysis includes the effect of heat leak, thermal boundary resistances with thermal reservoirs and t...

thin films of polymer doped with nonlinear optical organic dye, disperse red 1, at thickness of 1 to 2 micrometers, were prepared and studied. in order to induce an axial and orientational alignment of dye molecules within polymer matrix, a contact electric field poling was used. by this process the inherent inversion symmetry in the polymer matrix was eliminated to achieve the desired macrosco...

High electric field impulses (1-20 kV/cm, 1-20 microseconds) may trigger fusion between adhering cells or lipid vesicles (electrofusion). In this paper a qualitative model of electrofusion is proposed consistent with both electron and light microscopic data. Electrofusion is considered as a multistep process comprising tight membrane-contact formation, membrane electroporation as well as an alt...

Low frequency electric fields provide a means to build contact and non-contact user interfaces that are unobtrusive, responsive, inexpensive, and simple to configure. In this paper, we outline the theory and implementation of such sensing techniques, contrasting them with more familiar alternatives. We then present a range of applications that we have developed for interacting with computer gra...

In the interaction of two electric quadrupoles, there is at short range a contact term proportional to the second derivative of a delta function. This contact term contributes to the hyperfine splitting of bound states of two particles with spin one or higher-for example the bound state of Ω − and a nucleus with spin one. The contact hyperfine splitting occurs in states with orbital angular mom...

In the interaction of two electric quadrupoles, there is at short range a contact term proportional to the second derivative of a delta function. This contact term contributes to the hyperfine splitting of bound states of two particles with spin one or higher-for example the bound state of Ω − and a nucleus with spin one. The contact hyperfine splitting occurs in states with orbital angular mom...

Long-range electrostatic fields deform the surface profile of a conductive liquid in the vicinity of the contact line. We have investigated the equilibrium profiles by balancing electrostatic and capillary forces locally at the liquid vapor interface. Numerical results show that the contact angle at the contact line approaches Young's angle. Simultaneously, the local curvature displays a weak a...

Measurement of static electricity is of critical importance in assessing the proper electric properties of car seat covers and their suitability to be used in application to enhance the safety and stability of the driver. The present work aims to measure the static electric charge generated from the contact and separation of materials used as car seat covers and clothes. Different materials of ...