Electrical impedance measurements were made upon unfertilized and fertilized eggs of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, over a frequency range of 0.05 to 10 kc. Average values of 170 ohm cm.(2) were obtained for the plasma membrane resistance of the egg, 2.0 microf/cm.(2) for the plasma membrane capacity, 86 degrees for the phase angle of the membrane, and 570 ohm cm. for the specific resistance o...

This paper presents a label-free and noninvasive cell-counting assay system for electrical diagnostic tests of Falciparum malaria using electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Our system enabled a high-throughput test in a compact form-factor by the integration of a microfluidic device and a custom circuit board. Based on the differentiation of dielectric properties between cells and container m...

Several years ago the absolute value of the al ternat ing current impedance of suspensions of Arbacia eggs was measured at frequencies from 1 to 15,000 kc. (Cole, 1928b). I t was concluded tha t the egg membrane capaci ty was not as near ly a static capaci ty as the capaci ty of the red blood cell membrane (Fricke, 1925 a, 1933), bu t was of the polarization impedance type, similar to tha t whi...

Alternating current impedance measurements have been made on several single marine eggs over the frequency range from 1 to 2500 kilocycles per second. The eggs were placed in the center of a short capillary made by heating the end of a 2 mm. thin walled glass tube until it nearly closed, and electrodes were placed in the sea water on each side of the egg. When it is assumed that the membrane co...

Apparatus has been designed and constructed for the measurement of the electric impedance of suspensions of Arbacia eggs in sea water to alternating currents of frequencies from one thousand to fifteen million cycles per second. This apparatus is simple, rugged, compact, accurate, and rapid. The data lead to the conclusions that the specific resistance of the interior of the egg is about 90 ohm...

The changes in the alternating current impedance which occur during activity of cells of the fresh water plant Nitella have been measured with the current flow normal to the cell axis, at eight frequencies from 0.05 to 20 kilocycles per second, and with simultaneous records of the action potential under the impedance electrodes. At each frequency the resting cell was balanced in a Wheatstone br...

In previous work on the alternating current impedance of Arbacia punctulata egg suspensions (Cole and Cole, 1936b), it was found that the unfertilized egg had a static membrane capacity of 0.73/~f./cm. ~ which was independent of the frequency. On fertilization, the low frequency membrane capacity increased to 3.1/~f./cm. 2 and at intermediate frequencies there was evidence of another capacity e...

Smooth and elaborate gut motility is based on cellular cooperation, including smooth muscle, enteric neurons and special interstitial cells acting as pacemaker cells. Therefore, spatial characterization of electric activity in tissues containing these electric excitable cells is required for a precise understanding of gut motility. Furthermore, tools to evaluate spatial electric activity in a s...

The inclusion of nanoparticles modifies a number of fundamental properties of many materials. Doping of nanoparticles in self-organized materials such as liquid crystals may be of interest for the reciprocal interaction between the matrix and the nanoparticles. Elongated nanoparticles and nanotubes can be aligned and reoriented by the liquid crystal, inducing noticeable changes in their optical...

Strongly anisotropic media where the principal components of electric permittivity or magnetic permeability tensors have opposite signs are termed as hyperbolic media. Such media support propagating electromagnetic waves with extremely large wave vectors exhibiting unique optical properties. However, in all artificial and natural optical materials studied to date, the hyperbolic dispersion orig...