Abstract The district heating systems supply heat to a wide range of consumers. In the source such systems, highly efficient technologies are used for combined production electrical and thermal energy mainly based on steam turbine installations with backpressure turbines or adjustable extractions. Combined leads reduction in fuel consumption (fuel saving) compared separate two products. saving ...

Most safety regulations and standards concentrate their efforts on intrinsic safety – the possibility that injury or damage could occur due to electric shock, fire, mechanical instability, sharp edges, etc. In this paper we are concerned with functional safety – where the hazards and risks depend upon the correct operation of devices, equipment, systems or installations. IEC 61508 [3] is the ba...

In this paper a polarimetric fibre-optics current sensor in a new highly versatile all-fibre configuration is described. The optical configuration is particularly simple and is based on a back-and-forth propagation through a twisted sensing fibre. This results in a very flexible sensing cable which can be adapted to a great number of existing power installations, by simply winding the fibre aro...

In the electrical domain, qualified electricians are required since it involves danger. Training has been based on classroom courses and practice in the real installations, but it takes a long time and is costly. We propose to complement traditional training with an intelligent training system based on virtual environments in such a way that a blended training model is composed. We are looking ...

The cost of the MHP is site specific and varies greatly depending on the remoteness of the site and physical features of its major components, namely, civil works (including waterways), generating equipment (turbine, generator, control, protection) and electrical transmission/distribution lines. While the cost of generating equipment in the powerhouse is almost a linear function of its kW size,...