Heat treatments are applied to orthodontic wires in order to relieve the stresses arising during orthodontic work. Four types of wires were heated in air, argon or vacuum environments, and cooled in the furnace or in a water bath. The susceptibility to corrosion and mechanical properties of the heat-treated wires were investigated. Heat treatment marginally increased the yield strength and elas...

Thick films of NiO deposited on glass substrate by screen printing technique. The nano powder AR grade was used for the preparation thick films. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electrical Characterization carried out unannealed annealed were at 250 0 C-400 C in a muffle furnace. Using characterisation techniques, success synthesised nanoparticles confirmed. x-ray struc...

The electrical arc furnace (EAF) load is the largest load in power systems. Since electromechanical interactions between electrical loads and turbine-generator are seldom discussed, this paper investigates the torsional vibrations in turbine-generator shafts and blades subject to real and reactive power variations from a large-scale EAF plant. The transient power fluctuation of the load is rand...

background and objectives: making stacking gels for polyacrylamide gels in the laboratory by conventional methods is laborious and time consuming. considering the role of temperature in polyacrylamide gels with respect to electrical resistance and viscosity, we assumed that decreasing the temperature would cause an increase in electrical resistance and viscosity.  ultimately, a downward tempera...

The improvement of the physical properties of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layers is quite advantageous in photovoltaic applications. In this study the ITO film is deposited by RF sputtering onto p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) with (100) orientation, multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si), and glass substrates coated with ZnO and annealed in vacuum furnace at 400°C. Electrical, optical, structural a...

The amount of different persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the input of waste incinerators was compared to that in the output. Three cases were considered: a rotary kiln incinerating hazardous waste, a grate furnace incinerating municipal solid waste (MSW) and the same grate furnace co-incinerating plastics of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and automotive shredder resi...

Since the Brazilian inclusion in the global market, search for productivity and product quality improvement became essential for the companies to survive. However, due to energy costs rise, national steel industries are investing in electrical power generation in partnership with energy supply companies aiming at overall cost reduction. Therefore, actions that search for energy consumption redu...

The electric arc furnace is a three-phase load representing one of the most important generator of harmonic currents, reactive power and unbalanced conditions in electrical power systems. This paper aims to achieve a study concerning the power quality of the energy at 3-phase electric arc furnaces. There are analyzed the main qualitative indicators of the electric power: power factor, reactive ...

During its melt cycle, an arc furnace causes disturbances of the electrical supply. Existing measurement techniques for this application lead to corrective rather than predictive compensation. The use of neural networks to control the compensation is being considered, in particular reinforcement learning strategies which require no pre-training and which can adapt to a dynamically changing envi...

Among different types of controlling systems, the ON/OFF digital relative humidity control was used for measuring electrical properties of cashmere fibers to make the ambient relative humidity fixed. To achieve this goal the required hardware and software were designed and fabricated. The electrical resistance of fine and coarse hair cashmere fiber was measured by charge and discharge condenser...