Balance between electricity production and consumption plays an important role for future strategic plan of a region. From this point of view, the concerning region should be aware of and forecast future production-consumption cycle and balance them. In this research, Northern-Iraq situation is taken into consideration to elaborate electricity energy consumption and compare with the generation....

Three types of policies that are prominent in the federal debate over addressing greenhouse gas emissions in the United States are a cap-and-trade program (CTP) on emissions, a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) for electricity production, and tax credits for renewable electricity producers. Each of these policies would have different consequences, and combinations of these policies could induc...

This paper presents a comprehensive approach about energy resources management in buildings connected to the electricity grid and equipped with energy production and storage systems. The aim of the work is to find interesting configurations that favour energy self-consumption while minimizing the impact of the local production on the grid. Energy and economic criteria are proposed to evaluate t...

As a consequence of an increasing share of renewable energies, balancing electricity production and delivery requires efficient electricity markets. At the heart of electricity markets are Information Systems (IS) that coordinate demand and supply in real-time. IS has recently opened up an alternative towards increasing the efficiency of electricity markets by managing demand side resources; i....

We address a method for pricing electricity contracts based on valuation of ability to produce power, which is considered as the true underlying for electricity derivatives. This approach shows that an evaluation of free production capacity provides a framework where a change–of–numeraire transformation converts electricity forward market into the common settings of money market modeling. Using...

Biomass gasifiers convert the solid biomass to Producer gas that can be used for thermal, mechanical and electricity production. This paper deals with proximate and ultimate analysis of a number of biomass feed stocks like sawdust, pine wood, sal wood, eucalyptus and popular wood. These fuels have been used for the operation of 5 kW biomass gasifier installed at AHEC for electricity production ...

Photovoltaic (PV) technologies have shown remarkable progress recently in terms of annual production capacity and life cycle environmental performances, which necessitate timelyupdatesofenvironmental indicators.BasedonPVproduction data of 2004–2006, this study presents the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions, criteria pollutant emissions, and heavy metal emissions from four types of major comme...

Agriculture is under pressure to reduce its environmental impact. The use of renewable energy sources has potential to decrease these impacts. Maize is one of the most significant crops in South Africa and approximately 241,000 hectares are irrigated. This irrigation is most commonly powered by grid electricity generated using coal. However, South Africa has high solar irradiation, which could ...