Sodium hypochlorite is a widely used additive in water to disinfect and remove any disease-causing bacteria that can be found sources of water, wash contaminants from meats, fruits, vegetables. Many free chlorine sensors exist which monitor levels such as the use colorimetric or electrochemical methods, ensuring within safe regulated levels. However sensing methods are irreversible often toxic ...

Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of nanoscale sensors that outperform conventional biosensors. This review summarizes the nanoscale biosensors that use aptamers as molecular recognition elements. The advantages of aptamers over antibodies as sensors are highlighted. These advantages are especially apparent with electrical sensors such as electrochemical sensors or ...

The extensive physiological and regulatory roles of nitric oxide (NO) have spurred the development of NO sensors, which are of critical importance in neuroscience and various medical applications. The development of electrochemical NO sensors is of significant importance, and has garnered a tremendous amount of attention due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response, low cost, m...

Electrochemical sensors are ideally suited for the detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS RNS) generated during biological processes. This review discusses latest work in development electrochemical microsensors ROS/RNS their applications monitoring oxidative stress systems. The performance recent designs microelectrodes electrode materials is discussed along with functionality ...

presently there are a number of fine and sensitive methods for determining chemical or biochemical substance among which bio electrodes represent the most recent development. bioelectrodes consist of biologically active materials (e.g enzyme, antibody, whole cell or cell fragments) held in close proximity to a suitable electrochemical transducer that sense specific electroactive enzyme substrat...