Non-steady-state processes in capillary electrophoresis can be estimated by applying a steady-state mathematical model. Calculations with a steady-state model indicate that in capillary electrophoresis, moving boundary zones can originate from discontinuities in the concentration of the co-ions and/or the pH of the background electrolyte. Calculations showed that cationic moving boundaries with...

The site and characteristics of gastrointestinal electrolyte loss were investigated in eight dogs with experimental cholera induced by orogastric administration of 6-hr broth cultures of Vibrio cholerae, strain Ogawa 395. In these animals, all electrolyte losses originated in the small bowel, predominantly from the jejunum and ileum. The bicarbonate concentration of the small bowel fluid showed...

Recent advances in power generation from renewable resources necessitate conversion of electricity to chemicals and fuels in an efficient manner. Electrocatalytic water splitting is one of the most powerful and widespread technologies. The development of highly efficient, inexpensive, flexible, and versatile water electrolysis devices is desired. This review discusses the significance and impac...

The effect of the electrolyte concentration (NaCl aqueous electrolyte) on the dimensional variations of films of polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate PPy(DBS) on Pt and Au wires was studied. Any parallel reaction that occurs during the redox polymeric reaction that drives the mechanical actuation, as detected from the coulovoltammetric responses, was avoided by using Pt wires as subst...

In a previous work we developed a volume-memory liquid that can expand or shrink significantly as the temperature varies. The working mechanism is based on the thermally induced infiltration and defiltration of an electrolyte solution in the nanopores. In the current study, we investigate the influence of electrolyte concentration on the infiltration behavior, as well as its dependence on tempe...

In this work the effect of electrolytes on hydrate formation was investigated. To do so, a new model was used in predicting the hydrate formation conditions in presence of both single and mixed electrolyte solutions. The new model is based on the van der Waals - Platteeuw hydrate equation of state. In order to evaluate the values for the activity of water in electrolyte solutions t...

Intravenous mannitol may lead to electrolyte disturbances involving sodium and potassium and resulting in cardiac dysfunction. This report demonstrates that when mannitol is given during intracranial surgery it can cause large increase potassium ion concentration and decrease in sodium ion concentration in the absence of any other possible causes. Intraoperative checks of serum electrolyte leve...

The transmembrane electrical potential (TMEP) in a forward osmosis membrane process with a single electrolyte solution as the draw and feed solutions was investigated by experiments. The effects of membrane orientation, the electrolyte species (KCl, NaCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2), concentration and concentration ratio of solutions at both sides of membrane on water flux and TMEP were investigated. The...

Based on the recently presented conductance cell, hvo specific operational modes are proposed. In the oscillator mode, the conductivity of the electrolyte determines the frequency of an oscillator, experimentally obtaining a shift from 10 to 27 kHz for a KC1 concentration range from 0.5 to 100 mM. In the pole mode, an inductor is placed in series with the cell, giving the real electrolyte resis...

Smoluchowski equation and the Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the conditions leading to the reversal of the electrophoretic mobility. Zeta (zeta) potential is identified with the diffuse potential at the shear plane which, we argue, must be placed at least one ionic diameter away from the colloidal surface. For sufficiently strongly charged colloids, zeta potential changes sign as a f...