mobile phone use and wireless communication technology have grown explosively over the past decades. this rapid growth has caused widespread global concern about the potential detrimental effects of this technology on human health. stem cells generate specialized cell types of the tissue in which they reside through normal differentiation pathways. considering the undeniable importance of stem ...

most popular sources for electromagnetic waves. however, there are many concerns regarding their biological effects on the body, especially the central nervous system. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cell phone radiation on histology of the cerebellar granular cells in the neonatal rat. materials and methods: we selected some wistar rats. then, we randomly divide...

• Optical property of a material is defined as its interaction with electro-magnetic radiation in the visible. • Electromagnetic spectrum of radiation spans the wide range from γ-rays with wavelength as 10 m, through x-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and finally radio waves with wavelengths as along as 10 m. • Visible light is one form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging...

1. Outline of Basic NMR Principles Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as all spectroscopic methods, relies upon the interaction of the sample being examined with electromagnetic radiation, here in a range of radio frequencies (11000 MHz). To absorb a photon of electromagnetic radiation, the transition energy ΔEsample due to the interaction of a nuclear spin in the sample with a magnetic field mu...

This work aims to compare the implementation of two metamaterials for reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI) in printed circuit boards (PCBs). Specifically, complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) and electromagnetic bandgaps (EBGs) were etched on the ground plane of a microstrip transmission line. Both techniques were compared as EMI filters, taking into account frequency response, si...

the space environment consists mainly of high-energy charged particles, such as protons, electrons and heavy ions. they are originating from several sources including galactic cosmic radiation, solar flares and van allen belts. high energy electromagnetic radiation and neutrons have also been measured on spacecraft. although shielding can reduce the effect of space radiation it cannot be elimin...

Electromagnetic waves are known to exert optical forces on particles through radiation pressure. It was hypothesized previously that electromagnetic waves inside left-handed metamaterials produce negative radiation pressure. Here we numerically examine optical forces inside left-handed photonic crystals demonstrating negative refraction and reversed phase propagation. We demonstrate that even t...

Electromagnetic waves are produced by the motion of electrically charged particles. These waves are also called electromagnetic radiation because they radiate from the electrically charged particles. They travel through empty space as well as through air and other substances. Electromagnetic waves at low frequencies are referred to as electromagnetic fields and those at very high frequencies ar...