background: high-velocity carbon ion beams represent the most advanced tool for radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors. currently, the superiority of carbon ion therapy is more prominent on lung cancer or hepatomas. materials and methods: the data for lateral straggling and projected range of monoenergetic 290 mev/u (3.48 gev) carbon ions in muscle tissue were obtained from the stopping and range o...

in this work, mn ferrite nanopowders were prepared by co-precipitation method and were characterized. phase identification of the nanopowders was performed by x-ray diffraction method and the mean particle size of the nanopowders was calculated by scherrer's formula, using necessary corrections. magnetic parameters of the prepared nanopowders were measured by a vibrating sample magnetomete...

If gravitation and electromagnetism are both described in terms of a symmetric metric tensor, then the deflection of an electron beam by a charged sphere should be different from its deflection according to the Reissner-Nordstrøm solution of General Relativity. If such a unified description is true, the equivalence principle for the electric field implies that the photon has a nonzero effective...

The electronic properties of a Kondo impurity are investigated in a magnetic field using linear response theory. The distribution of electrical charge and magnetic polarization are calculated in real space. The (small) magnetic field does not change the charge distribution. However, it unmasks the Kondo cloud. The (equal) weight of the d-electron components with their magnetic moment up and dow...

background: dose calculation algorithms play a very important role in predicting the explicit dose distribution. we evaluated the percent depth dose (pdd), lateral depth dose profile, and surface dose volume histogram in inhomogeneous media using calculation algorithms and inhomogeneity correction methods. materials and methods: the homogeneous and inhomogeneous virtual slab phantoms used in th...

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of irregularity in shape of field size of electron beam on the percentage depth dose and the output factor. Study the variety of the Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) and the output factors for rectangular and small field sizes when one of field dimensions less than the Practical Range (Rp) of the electron energy used. Compare the measured output fact...

Magnetically-actuated Micromirrors as Micro-electromechanical devices have exhibited their superiority over other magnetic sensing techniques in terms of high sensitivity and high spatial resolution, which is favoured not only by quantitative measurement but also imaging of magnetic field distribution. In our research into magnetic field sensing and imaging, a 2D magnetic field sensing system w...

Introduction The use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (PDD) curves. These changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3D) can be measured by gel dosimeters. Materials and Methods Dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). The energies were 4, 9, and 16 MeV and phantom w...