Monovalent and divalent aqueous electrolytes confined in negatively charged porous silica are studied by means of molecular simulations including free energy calculations. Owing to the strong cation adsorption at the surface, surface charge overcompensation (overscreening) occurs which leads to an effective positive surface next to the Stern layer, followed by a negatively charged diffuse layer...

Recent advances in microfabrication, and the apparent neces-sity of miniaturizing detection and diagnostic systems has led to the emer-gence of a new research field called lab-on-chip, which are mostly workingwith fluids. Liquids actuations at the micrometer scale allow the develop-ment of many new methods based on electric field and potential. Electro-wetting has been widel...

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Recent studies indicate increased efficiency of microfluidic ac electro-osmotic pumps by utilizing broken symmetries with raised steps on the electrodes. An experimental study on the dependence of ac electroosmosis in microchannels on solution chemistry for the new fast aceo stepped pumps is reported. Micro PIV was used to determine peak velocities for M mM ! " concentrations of KCl, NaCl, CaCl...

A mathematical model and computer code for simulat ing electrokinetic fluid and sample manipulations in microfabricated fluidic devices (microchips) are described. The model accounts for mass transport mechanisms such as electrophoretic migration, bulk fluid motion due to electroosmosis, and diffusion. The interactive computer program implementing the model is capable of handling different chan...