We describe a new liquid-target system for low-debris laser-plasma soft x-ray sources. The system is based on a microscopic liquid jet and is experimentally evaluated for 0.7–1 keV proximity lithography and water-window x-ray microscopy applications. Compared to an existing liquid-droplet target, this target system has the same low debris emission, high x-ray photon flux, and narrow spectral ba...

BACKGROUND Blinding trachoma is targeted for elimination by 2020 using the SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvements). Annual mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin is a cornerstone of this strategy. If baseline prevalence of clinical signs of trachomatous inflammation - follicular among 1-9 year-olds (TF1-9) is ≥ 10% but <30%, the World H...

Accurate and extensive regulation of meiotic gene expression is crucial to distinguish germ cells from somatic cells. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a YTH family RNA-binding protein, Mmi1, directs the nuclear exosome-mediated elimination of meiotic transcripts during vegetative proliferation. Mmi1 also induces the formation of facultative heterochromatin at a subset of its targ...

Solid tumors have been reported in the Zymbal gland, oral and nasal cavities, and mammary gland of Sprague-Dawley rats following chronic oral administration of benzene. The cause for the specificity of such lesions remains unclear, but it is possible that tissue-specific metabolism or pharmacokinetics of benzene is responsible. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in our labo...

Based on an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of row/column elimination and cell elimination repair methods in embryonics (embryological electronics, embryonics), we developed a novel embryonics hardware structure with evolutionary ability and a corresponding self-repair method. The proposed embryonics system has a function layer, a repair layer and an evolution layer. Target circuit...