During gestation period the oxygenated maternal blood is transferred to embryo via placenta and umbilical cord into right atrium. It further through an interatrial shunt left atrium, Foramen Ovale, distributed embryonic body. The foramen closed after birth, but remains occasionally patent, permitting embolization a shunt. This transferring thrombi, fat, cement bony spikes, air, malignant tissue...

Epistaxis is a common condition that can be managed conservatively in most cases. When these measures, including anterior and posterior packing of the nasal cavity, are unsuccessful at controlling the bleeding, interruption of the blood supply to the sinonasal area can be performed, either by surgical ligation or by transarterial embolization. Embolization should be preceded by thorough diagnos...

Embolization is a remarkably versatile procedure used in nearly all vascular and nonvascular systems to treat a wide range of pathology. The published literature is rich with studies demonstrating the enormous therapeutic potential offered by embolization procedures, and the possibilities continue to expand with the advent of new embolization agents and techniques. Unfortunately, with this vari...

In this issue of the AJNR, Tarr et al. [1] present serial measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) obtained by using xenon CT in eight patients having staged embolization of arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Tarr et al. used administration of acetazolamide and repetition of the blood-flow study to challenge the cerebral vasculature and test for autoregulatory reserve. They obtained a baseline ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because they are not well established, we investigated the technical success and recurrence rates of n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (SDAVF), and assessed clinical outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively studied all patients with SDAVF treated by NBCA embolization at our institution over an 8-year period. Gait and micturit...

We present an interesting case of profound bronchospasm that we postulate was caused by injection of ethanol during embolization of a left transverse sinus dural fistula. There is excellent documentation in the literature of the development of transient pulmonary hypertension and decreased right-side cardiac output following embolization with this agent; however, there have been only anecdotal ...

PURPOSE Recent reports have posed doubts about the effect of preradiosurgical embolization in brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) because it makes the planning of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) difficult and has the risk of recanalization out of the target. We investigated whether the performance and quality of embolization may influence the success of SRS based on a retrospective case coho...

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common types congenital heart defects. Percutaneous closure ASD relatively safe and accepted as an alternative to surgery. However, device-related complications can occur rarely. Embolization Amplatzer atrial occluder (ASO) major complication percutaneous device closure. The author presents a case early embolization ASO into left atrium, which remov...

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has been performed to treat refractory chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) with good reported outcomes. We have treated three cases of CSDH with MMA embolization to date, but there was a postoperative recurrence in one patient, which required a craniotomy for hematoma removal and capsulectomy. MMA embolization blocks the blood supply from the dura to the ...

Empirical embolization of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) is accepted as a safe and effective treatment option for endoscopy-refractory nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients with high surgical risk. Nontarget embolization is a recognized complication of transarterial embolization, however, symptomatic pancreatic injury is extremely rare. We report a patient who develope...