Population migration plays a critical role in the spread of disease by initiating outbreaks of acute diseases, changing the prevalence of infectious diseases at a given location, and changing the face of chronic disease resulting from previous infection. This article focuses on the recent demographic changes in North America that have facilitated the introduction and spread of new microbial thr...

Introduction: The Serology section of the Microbiology Department performs Rubella immunity screening mainly from antenatal patients and staff health clinics, with a small number of tests being performed for the diagnosis of Rubella infection. Since the implementation of the NSW Department of Health Circular 2003/91 “Occupational Screening and Vaccination against Infectious Diseases”, the numbe...

Molecular epidemiology is an emerging science. The development of new and rapid protocols to isolate and identify pathogens, coupled with the sophisticated phylogenetic analysis of their gene sequences, is providing a new and fascinating insight into the biology, origin and spread of infectious diseases. In this essay, I describe some of the ways in which the techniques of modern molecular biol...

BACKGROUND About a third of the countries affected by shortage of human resources for health are the emerging market economies (EMEs). The greatest shortage in absolute terms was found to be in India and Indonesia leading to health system crisis. This review identifies the patterns of migration of health workers, causes and possible solutions in these EMEs. METHODS A qualitative synthesis app...

emerging technologies such as biotheraputics are widely view as the source of new types of competitive advantage. despite their huge potential gaining advantages from these technologies requires adopting different types of managerial skills and insight than those utilized in the context of incremental improvements. this makes established firms particularly vulnerable to the challenges of these ...

Emerging contaminants are distributed in to the environment from various anthropogenic activities. These Emerging contaminants (ECs) are mainly composed of products, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs), surfactants, plasticizers, pesticides etc. The present conventional system of waste treatment are not designed to treat these contaminants. Complex structure of these pollutan...

results upon the results from literature search, the researchers found that human is the main reservoir for this virus. there are four serotypes of virus. infection with one serotype cannot protect human against the other three serotypes. dengue fever begins suddenly with an onset of an influenza-like syndrome and sometimes progresses to severe form of the disease. treatment is supportive and i...

human fasciolosis is deemed as an emerging/re-emerging infection, hence making it an important human parasitic disease. in contrast to northern parts of iran, human cases of fasciolosis in southern iran are rare and sporadic. we report a sporadic case of fasciolosis in southern iran (fars province) who presented with prolonged fever. our report could suggest that there might be new foci emergin...

Missions i/ To promote international exchange of information, knowledge and expertise through the organization of scientific conferences, ii/ to act as a regional resource for training and research, iii / to support programs that will strengthen the response and the control to critical health threats, and iv / to improve regional capacity to prevention, surveillance diagnosis and management of ...