We review the literature and find 16 studies from across Africa's savannas and woodlands where woody encroachment dominates. These small-scale studies are supplemented by an analysis of long-term continent-wide satellite data, specifically the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) dataset. Using dry-season data t...

Digital Cadastral Surveying is the need of present and future generations. The invention of Computer has revamped the face of the world dynamically. Every day in our life is digitalised and with out computers the world could not perform efficiently. The Computers, Satellite images, Aerial digital images could be efficaciously used in the creation of new experimental methodologies for Cadastral ...

This paper offers a novel conversational implicature account of the pragmatic sensitivity of knowledge attributions. Developing an account I first suggested elsewhere (Locke, Inquiry 57:28–54, 2014b) and independently proposed by Lutz (in Synthese 191:1717–1740, 2014), this paper explores the idea that the relevant implicatures are generated by a constitutive relationship between believing a pr...

This paper focuses on the supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, third-party (3P) seller, and an e-platform, while 3P seller sells products through e-platform. If e-platform not only provides sales channel for but also determines retail price then directly, we call it encroachment, which creates competition between We find that encroachment benefits manufacturer hurts seller. And both prefe...