INTRODUCTION Although encrusted stents may lead to some unwanted complications including urinary tract obstruction, urinary sepsis, and potential loss of kidney function, there is currently no consensus on the most efficient method for managing stents that are intentionally left in situ. This is the first report describing the management of an encrusted stent using combined endoscopic surgery i...

catheter changes based on individual patients’ patterns of blockage. In addition, catheter washouts with acidic catheter maintenance solutions (which are used to dissolve encrusted material) can be used to prolong the period that the catheter remains patent. However, although all catheters are susceptible to this problem, there are no effective procedures for preventing it (Morris et al, 1997)....

Four years ago, a 9-year-old boy received percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and a 5F DJS was placed thereafter. The DJS was neglected until it caused serious complications including encrustation involving the whole stent, a 5-cm-diameter vesical stone, fragmentation of DJS, and serious urinary tract infection. For this rare and complex case of pediatric lithotomy, we combined PCNL with the su...

Stent technology has progressed dramatically over the past 100 years. JJ stents are essential tools for any urologist. They do have however have their own limitations with complications including stone formation, infection, reflux, stent pain, migration and importantly encrustation, which therefore requires stent changes every 3-6 months. Metal stents have been used to try to minimise these com...

The bioCarbon ureterostomy device is a stomal prosthesis for upper tract urinary diversion that has had preliminary successes in animal and human trials in Europe and Peru. Implantation of a pure carbon stomal prosthesis offers the potential advantages of high biocompatibility, lack of encrustation, and elimination of stomal stenosis which is frequently associated with cutaneous ureterostomy. N...