BACKGROUND Laboratory capacity building is characterized by a paradox between endemicity and resources: countries with high endemicity of pathogenic agents often have low and intermittent resources (water, electricity) and capacities (laboratories, trained staff, adequate regulations). Meanwhile, countries with low endemicity of pathogenic agents often have high-containment facilities with cost...

In an era marked by a ruinous war between democratic state and totalitarian regime, political volatility, rightward looking isolationism nationalism, heightened competition disputes China the West, it is perhaps difficult to discern why West should supply with COVID-19 vaccines therapeutics, as well epidemiological assistance in order mitigate potentially unrecognized crisis that nation. This c...

Toxoplasma infection can be transmitted to humans by ingestion of tissue cysts in meat or by ingestion of oocysts in cat feces or fecally contaminated soil. since meat is traditionally well cooked in Costa Rica and the authors were able to exclude meat and eggs from playing a role in transmission, they postulated that ingestions of oocysts should entirely explain transmission. To test this hypo...

Angola has a great diversity of species and ecosystems high level endemism. However, knowledge the native flora remains very incomplete outdated. Leguminosae is largest family in country, including many which are local or more regional economic importance. Based on an extensive review bibliographic sources, natural history collections, online databases, checklist Angolan plants was updated, dat...

This perspective on hepatitis A in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) presents epidemiological data on new cases and outbreaks and vaccination policies. Hepatitis A endemicity in the EU/EEA ranges from very low to intermediate with a decline in notification rates in recent decades. Vaccination uptake has been insufficient to compensate for the increasing number of susceptibl...

The epidemiology of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis was investigated in northwest Pakistan. Results suggested similar patterns of endemicity in both Afghan refugee and Pakistani populations and highlighted risk factors and household clustering of disease.

OBJECTIVE To determine the validity of a recently developed rapid test--a colloidal dye immunofiltration assay (CDIFA)--used by health workers in field settings to identify villagers infected with Schistosoma japonicum. METHODS Health workers in the field used CDIFA to test samples from 1553 villagers in two areas of low endemicity and an area where S. japonicum was not endemic in Anhui, Chin...

Long-distance dispersal in microbial eukaryotes has been shown to result in the establishment of populations on continental and global scales. Such "ubiquitous dispersal" has been claimed to be a general feature of microbial eukaryotes, homogenising populations over large scales. However, the unprecedented sampling of opportunistic infectious pathogens created by the global AIDS pandemic has re...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has different epidemiologic and clinical patterns, depending on the level of endemicity in a given geographic area. Tunisia is considered a region of high endemicity for hepatitis. Improvement of socioeconomic conditions in this country has made a determination of the seroprevalence of this disease advisable. We assessed the seroprevalence of HAV in Sousse in central Tun...