HYPOTHESIS Three-gland parathyroidectomy with trans-cervical thymectomy and cryopreservation is the preferred initial surgical approach for hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Thirty-seven patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 who underwent 1 or more surgic...

The case history of a 40-year-old woman with a fatal haemorrhage from a duodenal ulcer, jejunitis, renal lithiasis, hypertrophy of the adrenal glands, multiple adenomas of the pancreas, and three adenomas of both the parathyroid and pituitary glands is reported. Though there was histological evidence, in the bones, of hyperparathyroidism, the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and phosphatase...

Background: Cadmium toxicity has been shown in aquatic animals but the effect on frog’s endocrine glands is not known. We investigated the effects of cadmium on ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands of Indian skipper frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis. Methods: Frogs were exposed to cadmium chloride for short and long terms and sacrificed after 24, 48, 72 or 96 h (short-term) and after 5, 10, 1...

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) represent a heterogeneous family of neoplasms, which may develop from different endocrine glands (such as the pituitary, the parathyroid or the neuroendocrine adrenal glands), endocrine islets (within the thyroid or pancreas) as well as from endocrine cells dispersed between exocrine cells throughout the digestive and respiratory tracts. The development of somatost...

The special field of endocrinology deals with the hormonal system. This includes, among other things, the function of hormones, the anatomy and physiology of endocrine glands and the feedback mechanisms of hormone regulation. This article explains the physiology of the endocrine system and provides graphical illustrations. The physiology of the endocrine system is a vast field that plays a role...

The pathogenesis of cancer in general is influenced by many factors, genetic and environmental. Epidemiological studies demonstrate familial aggregation of cancer in a significant proportion of cases. Many of these familial cancer syndromes contain endocrine hormone-related components. The etiology of endocrine-related cancers is complex, as is that of other cancers. Tumors of endocrine glands ...

There is information on the lateralization of hypothalamic, limbic, and other brain structures involved in the control of the endocrine glands. Sided differences between paired glands, including their peripheral innervation, and relevant clinical observations on asymmetry are also known. Data suggest predominance of the right half of brain structures in controlling gonadal function.

In 31 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) the endocrine functions of the hypothalamus, the pituitary and several peripheral endocrine glands were assessed with a combined pituitary test; 3/31 patients had an endocrine disease: one primary hypothyroidism, one primary amenorrhea and one primary male hypogonadism. We found no patient with endocrine disease of the hypothalamus, the pituitary or t...