In recent times wireless sensor networks have grown enormously and become progressively attractive in wide variety of applications because of their low cost, low power, small in size, self-organizing behavior in harsh environments. Routing is a vital technology in WSN. There are many routing protocols like: location based, multipath, data centric, mobility based, hierarchical routing, hybrid ro...

Energy conservation is an essential and critical requirement for a wireless sensor network with battery operated nodes intended for long term operations. Prior work has described different approaches to routing protocol designs that achieve energy efficiency in a wireless sensor network. Several of these works involve variations of mote-to-mote routing (flat routing) while some make use of lead...

Research on data routing strategies for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has largely focused on energy efficiency. However rapid advances in WSNs require routing protocols which can accommodate new types of energy source and data of requiring short end-to-end delay. In this paper, we describe a duty-cycle-based low-latency geographic routing for asynchronous energy-harvesting WSNs. It uses an al...

Undergoing revolution in Wireless Sensor Networks, which is made up of batterypowered nodes empowered with a multitude of sensing modalities, promises to have a significant impact throughout society. Significant improvement and advancement in processor design, computing in battery technology still lag behind, making energy resource the major bottleneck in Wireless Sensor Network. Limited energy...

One of the important issues in wireless sensor network is inherent limited battery power within network sensor nodes. Minimizing energy dissipation and maximizing network lifetime are important issues in the design of sensor networks. There are various routing protocols like flat routing protocols, location-based, QoS based, hierarchical routing etc. in which optimal routing can be achieved. Hi...

Wireless Sensor Networks is important to node’s energy consumption for long activity of sensor nodes because nodes that compose sensor network are small size, and battery capacity is limited. For energy consumption decrease of sensor nodes, sensor network’s routing technique is divided by flat routing and hierarchical routing technique. Specially, hierarchical routing technique is energy-effici...

Recent advances in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have led to new paradigm for protocol design especially for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential component. Most of the research, however, has been focused on to the development of routing protocols since they might differ depending on the application area and network architecture. Computational Intelligence (CI) based optimiz...

Today, information networks play an important role in supply chain management. Therefore, in this article, clustering-based routing protocols, which are one of the most important ways to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, are used to optimize the supply chain informational cloud network. Accordingly, first, a clustering protocol is presented using self-organizing map neu...

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an emerging technology for exchanging data in various real-time monitoring systems. The WSN has distributed nature and dynamic topology which introduces very special requirements in routing the data. Various protocols developed for routing in WSNs are broadly classified in to four categories i.e. based on Network Structure, Communication Model, Topology and Reli...