Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with impaired mitochondrial function in adipose tissue. To study the effects of primary deficiency of mitochondrial energy metabolism in fat, we generated mice with adipose-specific deficiency of fumarate hydratase (FH), an integral Krebs cycle enzyme (AFHKO mice). AFHKO mice have severe ultrastructural abnormalities of mitochondria, ATP depletion in w...

the green revolution fulfilled the food demand of crowded millions. from the time of green revolution to till date high yielding and fertilizer responsive varieties have evolved to increase the production per unit area. to improve the productivity only major nutrients are concentrated almost in all crops. though the importance of micronutrient realized during past decades in most of the crops b...

The essential vitamin biotin is a covalent and tenaciously attached prosthetic group in several carboxylases that play important roles in the regulation of energy metabolism. Here we describe increased acetyl-CoA levels and mitochondrial hyperacetylation as downstream metabolic effects of biotin deficiency. Upregulated mitochondrial acetylation sites correlate with the cellular deficiency of th...

Energy is a finite resource that competitively distributed among the body’s systems and biological processes. During times of scarcity, energetic “trade-offs” may arise if less energy available than required to optimally sustain all systems. More immediately essential functions are predicted be prioritized, even this necessitates diversion away from – potential downregulation others. These conc...

This review discusses the various genetic factors and gene products (proteins) related to obesity. The three fundamental mechanisms underlying obesity are: relative increase in energy intake; reLative decrease in energy expenditure; and preferential partitioning of ingested calories to fat storage. Gene defects can be related to any one of these mechanisms, either alone or together. Many geneti...

Iron deficiency is a continuum beginning from lowering of tissue stores to the phase of exhausted tissue stores, interference with iron driven biochemical reactions in the body, microcytosis, hypochromia, increasing severity of anaemia with all its attendant consequences. Iron deficiency anaemia is a very well known concept but what is often not appreciated is the effect of broad canvas of iron...

A high drive-for-thinness (DT) score obtained from the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 is associated with surrogate markers of energy deficiency in exercising women. The purposes of this study were to confirm the association between DT and energy deficiency in a larger population of exercising women that was previously published and to compare the distribution of menstrual status in exercising wome...

Iron is a ubiquitous nutrient that is necessary for normal neurodevelopment. Gestational conditions that compromise fetal iron status include maternal iron deficiency, smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The iron-deficient neonate has altered recognition memory function and temperament while iron-deficient. The memory deficits persist even after iron repletion. Animal models demonstrat...

Essential fatty acid deficiency has been widely studied but the extent to which its effects are attributable specifically to deficiency of linoleate as opposed to deficiency of all unsaturated fatty acids is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of pure linoleate deficiency on growth as well as changes in the metabolism and oxidation of n-6 polyunsaturates. The diets contained 20 en...

  Background : There is no data available regarding vitamin D status among patients with hip fractures in Iran. This study aimed to determine whether postmenopausal women with low trauma hip fractures have lower vitamin D levels comparing to the control group.   Materials and Methods: Vitamin D (25-OHD) level and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among 73 postmenopausal women wit...