It is shown that, for systems in which the entropy is an extensive function of the energy and volume, the Bekenstein and the holographic entropy bounds predict new results. More explicitly, the Bekenstein entropy bound leads to the entropy of thermal radiation (the Unruh-Wald bound) and the spherical entropy bound implies the “causal entropy bound”. Surprisingly, the first bound shows a close r...

In the present study, an unlooped pulating heat pipe has been considered with two liquid slugs and three neighboirng vapor plugs.The governing equations such as momentum, energy and mass equations are solved explicitly except the energy equation of liquid slugs.The aim of the present study is to calculate the entropy generation through the performance of a pulsating heat pipe. Additionally, the...

In actual application, sensors are prone to failure because of harsh environments, battery drain, and sensor aging. Sensor fault location is an important step for follow-up sensor fault detection. In this paper, two new multi-level wavelet Shannon entropies (multi-level wavelet time Shannon entropy and multi-level wavelet time-energy Shannon entropy) are defined. They take full advantage of sen...

This study is for introducing concepts of energy and entropy to describe a robot’s emotion decision. There are several kinds of approaches to explain the emotional structure. The dimensional approach based on factors of pleasure and arousal is chosen for the merit of the interpolation between emotions. Specifically, Circumplex model which has also two axes: pleasure and arousal is used. Besides...

The main topic of this paper is a description of the generation of entropy at the end of the inflationary era. As a generalization of the present standard model of the Universe dominated by pressureless dust and a Lorentz invariant vacuum energy (LIVE), we first present a flat Friedmann universe model, where the dust is replaced with an ideal gas. It is shown that the pressure of the gas is inv...

It is known that for n ≥ 3 centres and positive energies the ncentre problem of celestial mechanics leads to a flow with a strange repellor and positive topological entropy. Here we consider the energies above some threshold and show: Whereas for arbitrary g > 1 independent integrals of Gevrey class g exist, no real-analytic (that is, Gevrey class 1) independent integral exists.