High-resolution neutron energy spectra, covering the entire energy range of interest, for two standard radionuclide neutron sources ((241)Am-B and (241)Am-F) have been derived from Bonner sphere measurements by using high-resolution a priori data in the unfolding process. In each case, two a priori spectra were used, one from a two-stage calculation and also one from a combination of the calcul...

PURPOSE To morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically characterize corneal cross-linking with riboflavin and UV-A light (CXL) in a newly established in vivo murine model. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type mice (N = 67) were treated with various CXL protocols, with modification of the following parameters: total energy (fluence) used, duration of UV-A irradiation, continuous versus pulsed irr...

10 We report on a time-of-flight mass spectrometric study of laser fluence dependencies in the 532 nm ablation of SnO2 targets. At all fluences investigated, SnO and Sn2O2 are the primary neutral gas-phase species. The relative yield of neutral tin-containing species increases exponentially up to a fluence of ∼1.9 × 108 W cm−2, and saturates at higher fluences. The yield of metal oxide clusters...

Small, flying insects continue to pose great risks to both human health and agricultural production throughout the world, so there remains a compelling need to develop new vector and pest control approaches. Here, we examined the use of short (<25 ms) laser pulses to kill or disable anesthetized female Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, which were chosen as a representative species. The mortality ...

P. Király, G.M. Mason, R.A. Mewaldt , A. Posner, J. Rodríguez-Pacheco (a) KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, H-1525 Budapest P.O.B. 49, Hungary, (b) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; now at Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723,USA (c) Space Radiation Lab, California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91...

Recent measurements of transmission versus fluence for a methanol-solvated asymmetric pentaazadentate porphyrin-like (APPC) cadmium complex, @(C6H4 – APPC)Cd]Cl, showed the limitations of current energy-level models in predicting the transmission behavior of organic reverse saturable absorbers at fluences greater than 1 J/cm2. A new model has been developed that incorporates higher-order triple...

Triangulation and histological studies were made of skin ablation depths following skin treatments with a Fotona Dynamis Er:YAG laser system. The following laser handpieces were used in the study: Full beam handpieces R04 and R11; Stamping patterned handpieces PS01, PS02 and PS03; fractionated handpiece FS01 and c) Scanning fractional handpiece F22. The laser fluence (F) was found to be the maj...

Inert gas ion impacts can be used to manipulate atomic assembly processes during the growth of metallic superlattices but the detailed mechanisms are not well understood. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the effects of ion incident angle and fluence upon the reassembly and structure of a copper surface partially covered with cobalt asperities. In the low ion energy regime,...

Sample preparation for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) of DNA is critical for obtaining high quality mass spectra. Sample impurity, solvent content, substrate surface and environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) all affect the rate of matrix-analyte co-crystallization. As a result, laser fluence threshold for desorption/ionization varies fro...

To clarify the property of tritium removal from carbon codeposition by using pulsed-laser induced desorption, hydrogen removal from co-deposits on JT-60 divertor tile using a fourth-harmonic emission (266 nm) of a nano-sec Nd:YAG laser was demonstrated. The threshold laser fluence for ablation was ~ 0.3 J/cm, which was slightly higher compared to that of the pico-sec laser irradiation. The ener...