Using Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, this article examines the EKC effect of economic growth, energy intensity and carbon emission intensity on total quantity of carbon emission under the constraint of energy-saving policy. Optimizing energy-consuming structure and decreasing energy-consuming intensity can incline carbon emissions intensity and slow down the increasing speed of carbon emis...

Countries with low marginal costs of abating carbon emissions may have high total costs, and vice versa, for a given climate mitigation policy. This may help to explain different countries' policy stances on climate mitigation. We hypothesize that, under a common percentage cut in emissions intensity relative to business as usual (BAU), countries with higher BAU emission intensities have lower ...

The macroscopic motion of liquids on a flat solid surface was manipulated reversibly by photoirradiation of a photoisomerizable monolayer covering the surface. When a liquid droplet several millimeters in diameter was placed on a substrate surface modified with a calix[4]resorcinarene derivative having photochromic azobenzene units, asymmetrical photoirradiation caused a gradient in surface fre...

in this paper, through use of index decomposition analysis (ida (and the logarithmic mean divisia index (lmdi) technique, changes in co2 emissions at the macroeconomic and sectoral levels have been studied for the time period 1346-1385 in eight sub-periods of five year intervals and for the time period 1383-1387 in two three-years sub-period intervals. the results show that changes in per capit...

Effects of light intensity gradient on development of intricate hierarchical morphology of semicrystalline polyethylene oxide (PEO) and photoreactive diacrylate (DA) blends undergoing photopolymerization-induced crystallization have been demonstrated experimentally and theoretically. The melting temperature of PEO was found to decline upon addition of DA monomer. A solid-liquid phase diagram ha...

OTR has been widely investigated in the literature as an electron beam diagnostic tool in the high energy region (E > 50 MeV). At lower energy both the model of OTR emission and the experimental observation of the phenomena require a different and more complex approach. Nevertheless the information which can be drawn from OTR spectra at these low energies play a relevant role in new injectors. ...

Modern x-ray light sources promise access to structure and dynamics of matter in largely unexplored spectral regions. However, the desired information is encoded in the light intensity and phase, whereas detectors register only the intensity. This phase problem is ubiquitous in crystallography and imaging and impedes the exploration of quantum effects at x-ray energies. Here, we demonstrate pha...