We investigate the use of multilingual data in the automatic classiication of English verbs, and show that there is a useful transfer of information across languages. Speciically, we experiment with three lexical semantic classes of En-glish verbs. We collect statistical features over a sample of English verbs from each of the classes, as well as over Chinese translations of those verbs. We use...

The article presents the experiments carried out as part of the participation in the pilot task (Modality and Negation)1 of QA4MRE@CLEF 2012. Modality and Negation are two main grammatical devices that allow to express extra-propositional aspects of meaning. Modality is a grammatical category that allows to express aspects related to the attitude of the speaker towards statements. Negation is a...

This study used keyword method during encoding information in transferring information from short term memory to make the retrieval easier. For this purpose, 50 adult female elementary students were chosen to participate in this study. This study required two groups of learners (control and experimental groups). The experimental group enjoyed some special flashcards which each of them involved ...

The present study investigates how advice writers employ move sequences and modal verbs to achieve intended discourse functions. This paper aims to testify two research hypotheses: 1. Advice writers of different topics employ different moves and modal verbs to achieve discourse function, and 2. The differences may imply writers’ intentions, emotion and expectancy of effects on the readers to in...

This paper describes ongoing work on the choice of modal expressions in the generation of recommendations about courses of study within the B.A.-program of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum. We focus our work on the German modal verbs müssen (must), können (can), the subjunctive form sollte (should), and dürfen (may). The idea is to combine insights from formal semantics into the meaning of modal ver...

Many  elements  contribute  to  the  relative  difficulty  in  acquiring  specific  aspects  of  English  as  a foreign  language  (Goldschneider  &  DeKeyser,  2001).  Modal  auxiliary  verbs  (e.g.  could,  might), are  examples  of  a  structure  that  is  difficult  for  many  learners.  Not  only  are  they  particularly complex  semantically,  but  especially  in  the  Malaysian  context ...